%0 Journal Article
%T Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and History of Cervical Cancer among a US National Population
%A Eribeth K. Penaranda
%A Navkiran Shokar
%A Melchor Ortiz
%J ISRN Oncology
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/840964
%X The metabolic changes present in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic and colon cancers; however, there is little information about the association between MetS and cervical cancer risk. We performed a case-control study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999¨C2010. We identified women 21 years of age and older, of which an estimated 585,924 (2.3% of the sample) self-reported a history of cervical cancer (cases). About half (48.6%) of cases and 33.2% of controls met criteria for MetS. Logistic regression analysis showed increased odds of history of cervical cancer among women with MetS ( ; 95% CI 1.06, 3.42; value ¡Ü 0.05) for the risk of history of cervical cancer among women with MetS while adjusting for other known risk factors (high number of lifetime sexual partners, multiparty, history of hormonal contraceptive use, and history of smoking) ( ; 95% CI 1.02, 3.26; value ¡Ü 0.05). In this US surveyed population we found increased odds of history of cervical cancer among subjects with MetS. 1. Introduction Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, killing approximately 274,000 women in 2008, most of them in developing countries [1]. In the USA, cervical cancer cases are declining [2], but every year there continue to be about 12,000 incident cases and 4,000 deaths from this disease [3]. The causal relationship between infection with the human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and the development of cervical cancer has been established in the last two decades [4]. Out of the approximately 150 identified genotypes of HPV, 12 have been classified as category 1 carcinogens, meaning that there is sufficient evidence to determine that they cause cancer in humans [5]. Some of those types are linked to cancers other than cervical, namely, vulvar, vaginal, perianal, penis, and oropharyngeal [5]. Serotypes 16 and 18 are responsible for about 70% of all the cervical cancer cases [6, 7], but HPV 16 alone causes at least half of all cervical cancers [8]. HPV 16 is also less associated with adenocarcinoma than with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, which makes up more than 95% of all cervical cancers [9, 10]. HPV infection is highly prevalent among sexually active young women [6, 11], but the large majority (more than 90%) of HPV infections will clear over a few years [12]. The transition from infection with one of the oncogenic types of HPV to the immediate precursor of cervical cancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN 3)), to invasive
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.oncology/2013/840964/