%0 Journal Article
%T Biosynthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles Using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 3053 and Assessment of Its Antifungal Activity
%A Kanniah Paulkumar
%A Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
%A Gnanadhas Gnanajobitha
%A Mahendran Vanaja
%A Chelladurai Malarkodi
%A Gurusamy Annadurai
%J ISRN Nanomaterials
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/317963
%X The present investigation reported the synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis. The adsorption of colloidal silver chloride nanoparticles showed an intense peak at the wavelength of 400£¿nm after 20£¿hrs of biomass incubation. The size of the silver nanoparticles ranges from 20 to 60£¿nm which was obtained from transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The bright circular spots of selected diffraction area (SAED) pattern also confirmed the good crystalline nature of the silver chloride nanoparticles with high magnification of TEM images. The presence of nitrate reductase enzyme in the cellular membrane of B. subtilis was confirmed by sodium dodecyl (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and it was found that the molecular weight is 37£¿kDa. The possible functional groups of the reductase enzyme in B. subtilis were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, antifungal activity of silver chloride nanoparticle was examined against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. We conclude that the synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles using microorganisms is more economical and simple. The antifungal property of silver chloride nanoparticles will play a beneficial role in biomedical nanotechnology. 1. Introduction After a glorious invention of microorganisms by ¡°Louis Pasteur,¡± it could spread all over the field of life sciences and delivered its beneficial applications to improve human health. From 19th century onwards, the microorganisms have been utilized for making dairy products, beverages (alcoholic), enzymes, proteins production, and so forth [1]. In modern microbiology, the interaction between metals and microbes brings a great attention to exclude the heavy metals from the environment [1, 2]. The presence of active biomolecules like enzymes in the cell wall membrane of microorganisms plays an adverse effect in degradation of toxic metals by the way of bioremediation process [1, 3]. Nowadays, the biosynthesis of nanomaterials like inorganic nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles using microorganisms such as bacteria [4, 5] and fungi [6, 7] is a popularly known field and attracts more interest day-by-day due to its ecofriendly nature. Traditionally, nanoparticles have been synthesized through physical [8¨C10] and chemical methods [11¨C13]. However, these methods are not environmentally benign. Some of the chemicals such as thiophenol [14] and thiourea [15] have been used in the
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.nanomaterials/2013/317963/