%0 Journal Article
%T Adipocytokines in Thyroid Dysfunction
%A Berna £¿mge Aydogan
%A Mustafa Sahin
%J ISRN Inflammation
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/646271
%X Adipocytokines are important mediators of interorgan crosstalk in metabolic regulation. Thyroid diseases have effects on metabolism and inflammation. The mechanism of these effects is not clear. Recently, there are several reports suggesting this interrelation between adipocytokines and thyroid dysfunction. In this review, we summarize this relation according to the literature. 1. Introduction Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ. Recently many adipocytokines are discovered to have role in regulation of metabolism and body composition. Adipocytokines have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions on several organs. They seem to regulate thermogenesis, immunity, feeding, and neuroendocrine functions. There are good and bad adipokines for health. Adipokines have a central role in subclinical inflammation of adipose tissue, and obese adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory adipokines such as leptin, visfatin, and resistin [1, 2]. Nutrition also influence the adipokine effect on inflammation [3]. Their role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease is well established [4]. Leptin is found to be immune modulator [5]. Adipokines are linked to autoimmune diseases [6]. Adipokines like adiponectin have role in anticarcinogenesis, and they can be used as prognostic factors. Also they can be used in cancer therapy [7]. Thyroid hormones are also crucial for the regulation of total energy consumption and body composition besides their roles in normal growth, development, and reproduction. A positive correlation between serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and body mass index (BMI) is suggested as thyroid dysfunction is associated with weight changes [8, 9]. Serum TSH and free triiodothyronine levels are found to be higher in obese patients [10]. High-energy intake results in an increase of plasma T3 levels, and starvation causes a decrease in plasma T3 (triiodothyronine) levels [11]. Also negative associations between FT4 and body weight in euthyroid subjects were reported [12]. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are also both associated with insulin resistance [13]. The exact pathogenesis of these findings is obscure, but adaptive responses may have role. Positive relations between BMI and triiodothyronine (T3) in both genders were suggested previously [14]. Recently, Roef et al. also showed positive associations between T3 and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects [15]. Although there are conflicting data about the associations between the thyroid hormone and TSH levels with the body composition, it is clear that
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.inflammation/2013/646271/