%0 Journal Article
%T Optimization of Cellulase Production from Bacteria Isolated from Soil
%A Sonia Sethi
%A Aparna Datta
%A B. Lal Gupta
%A Saksham Gupta
%J ISRN Biotechnology
%D 2013
%R 10.5402/2013/985685
%X Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilIs, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens. Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum cellulase production was carried out. The culture conditions like pH, temperature, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources were optimized. The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 40¡ãC at pH 10 with glucose as carbon source and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, and coconut cake stimulates the production of cellulase. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the best cellulase producer among the four followed by Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Serratia marscens. 1. Introduction Cellulose is the most abundant biomass on Earth [1]. It is the primary product of photosynthesis in terrestrial environments and the most abundant renewable bioresource produced in the biosphere [2, 3]. Cellulose is commonly degraded by an enzyme called cellulase. This enzyme is produced by several microorganisms, commonly by bacteria and fungi [4¨C7]. Cellulose is the principal constituent of the cell wall of most terrestrial plants. The source of cellulose is in plants and it is found as microfibrils (¡°2¨C20£¿nm¡± in diameter and ¡°100¨C40,000£¿nm¡± long). These form the structurally strong framework in the cell walls. Despite a worldwide and enormous utilization of natural cellulosic sources, there are still abundant quantities of cellulosic sources and there are still abundant quantities of cellulose containing raw materials and waste products that are not exploited or which could be used more efficiently. The problem in this respect is, however, to develop processes that are economically profitable. Complete hydrolysis of the enzyme requires synergistic action of 3 types of enzymes, namely, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase or carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and beta-glucosidases [8]. Bacteria which have high growth rate as compared to fungi have good potential to be used in cellulase production. However, the application of bacteria in producing cellulase is not widely used. The cellulolytic property of some bacterial genera such as Cellulomonas, Cellvibrio, Pseudomonas sp [9]. Bacillus, and Micrococcus [7], was also reported. Enzyme production is closely controlled in microorganisms and for improving its productivity these controls can be ameliorated. Cellulase yields appear to depend upon a complex relationship involving a variety of factors like inoculums size, pH value, temperature, presence of inducers, medium additives, aeration, growth time, and so forth [7].
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.biotechnology/2013/985685/