%0 Journal Article
%T Feeding of Bait to Snail Lymnaea acuminata and Their Effect on Certain Enzyme in the Nervous Tissue
%A Pradeep Kumar
%A V. K. Singh
%A D. K. Singh
%J ISRN Biochemistry
%D 2012
%R 10.5402/2012/343047
%X Fascioliasis, a snail-borne parasitic zoonosis, has been recognized for a long time because of its major veterinary and human impact. Different Bait formulations were fed to the snail Lymnaea acuminata in clear glass aquaria having diameter of 30£¿cm. Snail attractant containing bait formulations was prepared from different binary combination (1£¿:£¿1 ratio) of carbohydrates (glucose, starch 10£¿mM) and amino acid (methionine, histidine 10£¿mM) in 100£¿ml of 2% agar solution + sublethal (20% and 60% of 24£¿h and 96£¿h LC50) doses of different molluscicides (eugenol, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and limonene). Snails fed on bait containing sub-lethal concentration of different molluscicides and the snail attractant, causing a significant inhibition in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nervous tissue of the vector snail L. acuminata. Maximum inhibition in ALP (20% of control) and AChE (49.49% of control) activity was observed in the nervous tissue of the L. acuminata exposed to 60% of 96£¿h LC50 of eugenol in the bait pellets containing starch + histidine, starch + methionine, respectively. 1. Introduction Fascioliasis is an important cattle and human disease caused by two major species of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in different parts of the world [1, 2]. Worldwide, 17 million individuals are infected with Fasciola, and more than 90 million people are at risk of fascioliasis [3]. Normally, fascioliasis is reported in livestock animals; now, more occurrence of fascioliasis in human population is noted in different parts of the world [4, 5]. In northern India, Lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate host of the Fasciola species [1, 6¨C9]. One way to reduce the incidence of fascioliasis is to delink the life cycle of fluke by destroying the intermediate hosts [6, 10¨C16]. Bait formulation of different molluscicides would be an effective tool for selective killing of the snail with minimal adverse effect on the nontarget animal and environment. The use of a combination of snail attractant and molluscicides in bait formulation [17] is an effective tool for the snails¡¯ control. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of sub-lethal feeding of molluscicides eugenol, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and limonene [14] in bait formulations containing attractant carbohydrates (glucose, starch) and amino acids (methionine, histidine) attractant on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nervous tissue of the snail L. acuminata. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Collection of Snails Adult L.
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.biochemistry/2012/343047/