%0 Journal Article
%T Review of Bicipital Groove Morphology and Its Analysis in North Indian Population
%A Singh Rajani
%A Singh Man
%J ISRN Anatomy
%D 2013
%R 10.5402/2013/243780
%X The variant morphometry of bicipital groove is reported to be associated with pathologies of biceps tendon and is useful in surgical procedures in this region. The pathologies of biceps tendon are frequent causes of shoulder pain. Therefore, under the condition of paucity of data pertaining to north Indians, not only morphometric analysis of bicipital groove and a new definition of narrow/shallow groove to provide logical explanation for dependence of pathologies of biceps tendon on groove morphology is done but also a review of the literature has been carried out. Various dimensions such as lengths of medial and lateral walls, width, depth, medial wall, and opening angles including incidence of supratubercular ridge of bicipital groove from 101 humerii are 23 ¡À 5, 32 ¡À 5, 8 ¡À 2, 6 ¡À 1, 48.91 ¡À 10.31, 82.20 ¡À 22.62, and 37%, respectively. The average height along with average width of biceps tendon and average width along with average depth of bicipital groove from two cadavers are 1.8, 10.5, 11.3, and 5.5£¿mm, respectively. The knowledge of bicipital groove will be of paramount importance to anatomists for new data, for orthopaedic surgeons in carrying out surgical procedures in this region, and for physicians in the management of anterior shoulder pain in north Indian population. 1. Introduction Bicipital groove (BG) is an indentation on the anterior aspect of proximal part of humerus. This groove allows tendon of long head of biceps brachi muscle enveloped in synovial sheath and ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery to pass through it. It is bounded medially by lesser tubercle, laterally by greater tubercle, and superiorly by bridging of transverse humeral ligament [1]/muscle fibers of subscapularis, supraspinatus and pectoralis major muscles [2, 3]. This groove with transverse humeral ligament/muscle fibers bridging it provides stability and smooth functioning of tendon of long head of biceps brachi muscle and prevents its subluxation during multidirectional biomechanical movements of arms. Apart from this, the greater function of biceps brachi muscle whose tendon is enshrined in bicipital groove is suppination, flexion, and screwing biomechanical movements. On motion of humerus, the proximal humerus moves in relation to fixed biceps tendon which is firmly held in place at the level of intertubercular sulcus by tuberosities and humeral transverse ligament [4]. With elevation of arm, humerus moves about 3.8£¿cm on the fixed tendon [5]. In the dynamics of external rotation to internal rotation, the tendon is forced medially against
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn.anatomy/2013/243780/