%0 Journal Article
%T Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson's Disease: Perception, Influence of Drugs, and Mood Disorder
%A M. Ataide
%A C. M. R. Franco
%A O. G. Lins
%J Sleep Disorders
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/939713
%X Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with sleep complaints as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and several factors have been implicated in the genesis of these complaints. Objective. To correlate the subjective perception of EDS with variables as the severity of the motor symptoms, medications, and the presence of depressive symptoms. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study, using specific scales as Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Beck depression inventory (iBeck) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY), in 42 patients with PD. Results. The patients had a mean age of years and mean disease duration of years. The mean ESS was and 28.6% of patients reached a score of abnormally high value ( ). There was no association with gender, disease duration, and dopamine agonists. Patients with EDS used larger amounts of levodopa ( versus £¿mg, ), but those who had an iBeck reached lower values of ESS than the others ( versus , ). Conclusions. EDS was common in PD patients, being related to levodopa intake. Presence of depressed mood may influence the final results of self-assessment scales for sleep disorders. 1. Introduction Parkinson¡¯s disease (PD) is a leading progressive neurodegenerative disease, with prevalence estimated 1-2% of the population above 55 years. Sleep-related complaints are frequent in this population and, in some cases, may be the initial manifestation of the disease. Around 60 to 90% of PD patients affected by sleep disorders suffer negative impact on their quality of life [1]. A population study, which evaluated 245 patients with Parkinson¡¯s disease, showed that more than two-thirds of them had complaints about sleep disturbances and complaints of the same type are found in 46% of diabetic patients and 33% of control patients [2]. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has an estimated prevalence from 15.5 to 74% of PD patients [1]. Clinical evidence support the hypothesis of EDS being a particular symptom of PD and its potential association with disease progression [2¨C4]. However, there are studies that contradict this association [5¨C7]. The EDS can also arise as a secondary symptom nighttime sleep deprivation or other sleep disorders such as sleep apnea (present in 20¨C30% of PD patients). Patients with REM sleep behavior disorders did not show greater EDS, even if REM sleep is interrupted by violent dreams [8]. Finally, the association between the dopamine replacement therapy and the EDS has been described [1]. Although there are reports that the dopamine agonists cause drowsiness as a class effect [9], in many studies, the main predictive factor is
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/sd/2014/939713/