%0 Journal Article
%T High Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in ParkinsonĄ¯s Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study
%A Tetsuya Maeda
%A Ken Nagata
%A Yuichi Satoh
%A Takashi Yamazaki
%A Daiki Takano
%J Parkinson's Disease
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/742128
%X The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and clinical features of gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) in ParkinsonĄ¯s disease (PD). Consecutively recruited PD patients and controls were questioned about heartburn and GERD with a questionnaire. In PD patients, disease duration and severity, quality of life, and nonmotor symptoms were also examined and then the clinical features of GERD were analyzed. A total of 102 patients and 49 controls were enrolled and 21 patients and 4 controls had heartburn, significantly frequent in PD. The prevalence rate of GERD was 26.5% in PD and the odds ratio was 4.05. Heartburn, bent forward flexion, and wearing-off phenomenon were frequent, and scores of UPDRS, total and part II, PD questionnaire-39, and nonmotor symptom scale were significantly higher in PD patients with GERD than without GERD. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed statistical significance in UPDRS part II and nonmotor symptom scale. This study suggests that GERD is prevalent in PD. Deterioration of daily living activities and other nonmotor symptoms can imply the presence of GERD. Because clinical symptoms of GERD are usually treatable, the management can improve the patientĄ¯s quality of life. Increased attention should be given to detect GERD in PD. 1. Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms characterized by heartburn and regurgitation are generally recognized as clinical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD). GERD can also show dyspeptic manifestations other than reflux symptoms. In clinical practice, disappearance of these symptoms following treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) allows general physicians to reasonably conclude that the patient had acid-related dyspepsia [1]. Dyspepsia is usually defined as upper abdominal pain or retrosternal pain, discomfort, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms considered to arise from the upper alimentary tract. When these symptoms cause deterioration of patientsĄ¯ daily life quality, PPIs are generally used for treatment because they are more effective than histamine H2 receptor antagonists for reflux-like (heartburn) or ulcer-like (episodic epigastric pain) dyspepsia. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most common nonmotor features of ParkinsonĄ¯s disease (PD), from the original description by James Parkinson. Variable abnormalities from the mouth through the rectum are already known [2]. Dysphagia is relatively common and observed in 29%¨C80% of PD patients [2, 3], which can be induced by dyscoordination of various organs such as the mouth,
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/pd/2013/742128/