%0 Journal Article
%T TNF- Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Aquaporins in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells BEAS-2B
%A Letizia Mezzasoma
%A Lucio Cagini
%A Cinzia Antognelli
%A Francesco Puma
%A Eugenio Pacifico
%A Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
%J Mediators of Inflammation
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/159349
%X Postoperative-fluid retention is a severe complication frequently reported in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. The complex network of molecules involved in such a severe surgery-induced condition remains poorly understood. Inflammation has been proposed among the various causes of fluid retention. Since TNF-¦Á is one of the main proinflammatory cytokine initially released after major surgery, it is reasonable to assume its involvement in fluid overload. Here, we showed that TNF-¦Á selectively regulates key molecules involved in fluids balance, such as natriuretic peptides (NPs) and aquaporins, in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. In particular, we found that TNF-¦Á induced a decrease of arial natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide receptor-1, aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 and an increase of brain natriuretic peptide with a different involvement of nuclear factor-¦ÊB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway activation. Moreover, the observed changes in NPs expression, demonstrate inflammation as an additional cause of brain natriuretic peptide elevation, adding an important piece of information in the novel area of study regarding NPs and inflammation. Finally, we suggest that inflammation is one of the mechanisms of Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 expression regulation. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we speculate that TNF-¦Á might be involved in postoperative-fluid retention related to major surgery. 1. Introduction Weight gain with edema formation is frequently reported in patients undergoing major surgical procedures, with an incidence as high as 40% [1]. Postoperative weight gain and fluid overload have been associated with poor survival [2] and complications [3, 4]. The causes of fluid retention are various, and not completely clear. One of them could be related to the systemic response induced by surgical stress and operative trauma, regulated by a complex network of endocrine, neuronal, and immunological mechanisms [5¨C7]. Such surgery-induced reaction leads to an early hyperinflammatory status that is essential for tissue repair and host defense [5]. Cytokines are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of surgical trauma. They have local effects of mediating and maintaining the inflammatory response to tissue injury and also initiate some of the systemic changes which occur [8¨C10]. After major surgery, is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines initially released in the damaged tissue where it stimulates the production and release of more cytokines, responsible for inducing the systemic changes
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2013/159349/