%0 Journal Article
%T Metabolic Alterations of the Zebrafish Brain after Acute Alcohol Treatment by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
%A Dong-Cheol Woo
%A Goo-Young Kim
%A Hyun-Ju Kim
%A Eunjung Bang
%A Hyang-Shuk Rhim
%A Sang-Young Kim
%A Do-Wan Lee
%A Chi-Bong Choi
%A Youl-Hun Seoung
%A Bo-Young Choe
%J Journal of Spectroscopy
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/971914
%X The purpose of this study is to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with acute alcohol treatment in zebrafish by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS). The brain metabolism of zebrafish was investigated after acute alcohol treatment (one-hour long exposure of adult fish to 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.00% ethyl alcohol) with whole brain extraction. The results of this study showed that glutamate (Glu) was significantly decreased, scyllo-inositol (sIns) showed a small apparent increase only in the highest acute treatment dose group, and myoinositol (mIns) showed a significant decrease. [Glu]/[tCr] and [mIns]/[tCr] levels were significantly reduced regardless of the alcohol dose, and [sIns]/[tCr] was increased in the highest alcohol treatment dose group. The present NMR study revealed that specific metabolites, such as Glu and mIns, were substantially decreased in case of acute alcohol exposed zebrafish brain. 1. Introduction Alcohol (i.e., EtOH, ethyl alcohol, and ethanol) abuse and alcoholism are prevalent conditions that cause significant problems for both individual patients and society. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism involve neural processes distinct from other addictions [1]. Attempts to understand the common and unique aspects of alcohol addiction have spurred investigators to adopt new animal models and research methods that have not been widely used for the investigation of other addictions. Partially, alcohol in the brain reduces glutamate and it could be interpreted as a response to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade [2, 3]. However, the mechanisms associated with alcohol addiction have not been completely identified [1, 4¨C6], despite numerous reported studies on the topic during the past several decades. Animal models, including zebrafish, mice, rats, and monkeys, have been used to study alcohol addiction and the physiology of alcoholism [1]. Zebrafish have become a popular subject for embryology studies in genetic research, as well as neurobiology over the past three decades [7]. Attempts at in vivo MR imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) of zebrafish have recently been reported [8, 9]. NMRS is a common modality for research of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, as well as epilepsy, depression, and schizophrenia in both animals and humans [10¨C14]. Previous human NMRS studies in alcoholics have shown brain metabolic changes, particularly in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum [15¨C17]. The N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and glutamic acids were
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jspec/2013/971914/