%0 Journal Article
%T Antibacterial Derivatives of Ciprofloxacin to Inhibit Growth of Necrotizing Fasciitis Associated Penicillin Resistant Escherichia coli
%A Ronald Bartzatt
%A Suat L. G. Cirillo
%A Jeffrey D. Cirillo
%J Journal of Pharmaceutics
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/517638
%X Escherichia coli (E. coli) is associated with necrotizing fasciitis (type I) and can induce enough damage to tissue causing hypoxia. Three ester derivatives of the broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin were placed into bacteria culture simultaneously with the parent ciprofloxacin (drug 1) to ascertain the level of antibacterial activity. The n-propyl (drug 2), n-pentyl (drug 3), and n-octyl (drug 4) esters of ciprofloxacin were synthesized under mixed phase conditions and by microwave excitation. The formation of ester derivatives of ciprofloxacin modified important molecular properties such as Log P and polar surface area which improves tissue penetration, yet preserved strong antibacterial activity. The Log P values for drugs 1, 2, 3, and 4 became £¿0.701, 0.437, 1.50, and 3.02, respectively. The polar surface areas for drugs 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined to be 74.6 Angstroms2, 63.6 Angstroms2, 63.6 Angstroms2, and 63.6 Angstroms2, respectively. These values of Log P and polar surface area improved tissue penetration, as indicated by the determination of dermal permeability coefficient ( ) and subsequently into the superficial fascial layer. All drugs induced greater than 60% bacterial cell death at concentrations less than 1.0 micrograms/milliliter. The ester derivatives of ciprofloxacin showed strong antibacterial activity toward penicillin resistant E. coli. 1. Introduction Necrotizing fasciitis is an often fatal infection of the softtissue that will commonly begin after some form of trauma [1]. This softtissue infection involves the superficial fascial layers (or hypodermis) of the abdomen, extremities, or perineum [1]. This infection of the deep layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues easily spreads across the fascial plane. A polymicrobial infection is more common, involving gram-positive, gram-negative (i.e., Escherichia col (E. coli)), aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria [1]. Quick diagnosis, application of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and/or surgical intervention is required for successful patient outcome [1]. The three types of necrotizing fasciitis are based on anatomy; the depth of infection; and/or (3) the microbial source for the infection [2]. Type I infection is by polymicrobial incidents involving gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, and anaerobes [2]. For Type I episodes, one type of bacteria can aid the survival and growth of another bacteria (this is synergy). Common type I category bacteria include E. coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus species [2]. The Treatment of the infection requires strong
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jphar/2013/517638/