%0 Journal Article
%T The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature
%A Esam Ahmad Omar
%J Journal of Oral Oncology
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/519312
%X Objective. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkable incidence over the world and a fairly strenuous prognosis, encouraging further research on the prognostic factors and new techniques for diagnosis that might modify disease outcome. Data Sources. A web-based search for all types of articles published was initiated using Medline/Pub Med, with the key words such as oral cancer, prognostic factors of oral cancer, diagnostic method of oral cancer, and imaging techniques for diagnosis of oral cancer. The search was restricted to articles published in English, with no publication date restriction (last update April, 2013). Review Methods. In this paper, I approach the factors of prognosis of OSCC and the new advances in diagnostic technologies as well. I also reviewed available studies of the tissue fluorescence spectroscopy and other noninvasive diagnostic aids for OSCC. Results. The outcome is greatly influenced by the stage of the disease (especially TNM). Prognosis also depends or varies with tumour primary site, nodal involvement, tumour thickness, and the status of the surgical margins. Conclusion. Tumour diameter is not the most accurate when compared to tumour thickness or depth of invasion, which can be related directly to prognosis. There is a wide agreement on using ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsies in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis. 1. Introduction Head and neck malignancies constitute approximately 5% of all malignant tumors of the body [1]. Squamous cell carcinoma represents almost 95% of the head and neck cancers. The incidence of oral cancer varies from region to another in the world. The most common oral sites involved vary as well from region to another. It appears that the geographic location has no role with this rather than it is the oral habits popular in certain countries which vary from region to another. In certain countries, such as Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, oral cancer is the most common type of malignancy. In India oral cancer represent more than 50% of all malignancy reported. The high incidence rate in these countries may relate to specific oral habits such as Betel and similar habits. Approximatively 30¨C35% of the tumors (OSCC) occur a tongue, 20¨C25% at the gum, 5¨C7% at the floor of the mouth, 4¨C6% at the soft palate and only 2-3% at the cheeks [2]. The tumors were usually diagnosed at the ages between 50 and 79 years, 96,6% being over 40 years old. Generally, Oral cancer incidence rates have overall increased since the mid-1970s, with most of this increase occurring since
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/joo/2013/519312/