%0 Journal Article
%T Improvements in Chronic Primary Insomnia after Exercise Training Are Correlated with Changes in Metabolic and Hormonal Profile
%A Alexandre Abilio de Souza Teixeira
%A Giselle Soares Passos
%A Francieli Silva Ruiz
%A Eduardo da Silva Alves
%A Dalva Poyares
%A Marcos Gon£¿alves de Santana
%A Sergio Tufik
%A Marco T¨²lio de Mello
%J Journal of Hormones
%D 2014
%R 10.1155/2014/246342
%X Objective. The objective of this study was to correlate metabolic and hormonal parameters before and after 8, 16, and 24 weeks (wk) of moderate aerobic training in individuals with chronic primary insomnia. Method. Four male and sixteen female volunteers (adults, sedentary, and healthy) performed exercise training for 24 weeks. Blood and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was obtained at baseline, 8, 16, and 24£¿wk of training. Results. PSQI scores decreased after 8, 16, and 24£¿wk of training regarding baseline values. Indeed, total sleep time (TST) increased after 16 and 24£¿wk of exercise training regarding baseline values. The correlations were analyzed using the delta ( ) values ( £¿wk less baseline; £¿wk less baseline; £¿wk less baseline). We have observed a negative correlation for between TST and cortisol, a positive correlation for between TST and growth hormone, a negative correlation for between TST and VLDL, a negative correlation for between TST and triacylglycerols, and a negative correlation for and between TST and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Conclusion. The exercise training improved the sleep quality of patients with chronic primary insomnia. 1. Introduction In modern society, sleep disorders are increasing every day around the world. Recently, a study with 4957 American adults determined that 40% of the participants had at least one sleep disorder [1]. In S£¿o Paulo, Brazil, a study observed that 33% of the society presented insomnia characteristics, and a higher incidence of insomnia was detected in women (40%) [2]. Chronic primary insomnia is a sleep disorder that is characterized by long-term difficulties with initiating and maintaining sleep, waking up too early, nonrestorative sleep, and daytime impairment, including fatigue, poor mood, impaired concentration, and poor quality of life [3¨C6]. Budhiraja et al. 2011 [7] have shown that medical disorders such as hypertension and diabetes are associated with a higher prevalence of insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia increased as the number of medical disorders increased, suggesting an additive adverse effect of these medical conditions on insomnia [7]. Other studies have concluded that few hours of sleep are associated with overweight, obesity, metabolic alterations (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased activity of the HPA axis), and inflammatory diseases [8¨C11]. Physical exercise is used as a nonpharmacological treatment in many different diseases, including sleep disorders [12¨C15]. Recently, our group demonstrated that acute and chronic aerobic exercise improves subjective
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jhor/2014/246342/