%0 Journal Article
%T Preliminary Assessment of Oxidation Pretreated Hastelloy as Hydrocarbon Steam Reforming Catalyst
%A S. R. de la Rama
%A S. Kawai
%A H. Yamada
%A T. Tagawa
%J Journal of Catalysts
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/210371
%X The potential of oxidation pretreated Hastelloy tube as a hydrocarbon steam reforming catalyst was assessed using tetradecane, toluene, and naphthalene as model compounds. Surface characterization showed that Fe2O3, Cr2O3, MoO3, and NiO were formed on the surface of the alloy after oxidation at 1000¡ãC for 2 hours. Catalytic evaluation showed good activity and stability with tetradecane while lower activity with increased rate of carbon formation was observed with naphthalene. 1. Introduction The increase in energy demand coupled with the continuous decrease in supply of fossil derived fuels resulted in a series of energy price increases and threatened the energy security of several non-oil producing countries. In addition, pollutants produced from fossil fuel utilization were identified to contribute to global warming. One of the proposed solutions for these problems is using biomass as an alternative source of energy. Hydrogen, when combined with oxygen, can be a source of electricity and heat. Through thermal gasification, biomass is converted into H2, CO, CO2, steam, and hydrocarbons (including tar). Gasification is usually followed by catalytic reforming of these hydrocarbons to optimize the utilization of biomass. Catalytic steam reforming (1), an endothermic reaction, is widely applied in the industrial production of hydrogen. To produce more H2, CO produced from the reforming step is utilized and converted to additional H2 through water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (2) to increase the yield of H2. If intended for fuel cell application, methanation (3) is normally done to adjust the CO content of the gas depending on the fuel cell requirement. Consider This process will convert the hydrocarbon into a gas mixture composed of CO, CO2, CH4, and H2. For simple hydrocarbons, tetradecane is often used as a model compound while toluene and naphthalene are used as aromatic hydrocarbon model compounds [1¨C3]. As for the mechanism involved, Rostrup Nielsen proposed that the hydrocarbon molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst, its terminal carbon selectively attacked by successive ¦Á-scissions generating C1 species. These C1 species can then react with O2 coming from steam or stay adsorbed on the active site and be transformed to other products [4]. If the relative rates of C1 species generation and carbon oxidation are not balanced, carbon deposition occurs [5]. At present, supported nickel catalysts are favored over the expensive and rare noble-based catalysts for hydrocarbon steam reforming. However, supported nickel catalysts are easily
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcat/2014/210371/