%0 Journal Article
%T Single Stance Stability and Proprioceptive Control in Older Adults Living at Home: Gender and Age Differences
%A Dario Riva
%A Carlo Mamo
%A Mara Fan足
%A Patrizia Saccavino
%A Flavio Rocca
%A Manuel Moment谷
%A Marianna Fratta
%J Journal of Aging Research
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/561695
%X In developed countries, falls in older people represent a rising problem. As effective prevention should start before the risk becomes evident, an early predictor is needed. Single stance instability would appear as a major risk factor. Aims of the study were to describe single stance stability, its sensory components, and their correlation with age and gender. A random sample of 597 older adults (319 men, 278 women) living at home, aged 65每84, was studied. Stability tests were performed with an electronic postural station. The single stance test showed the impairment of single stance stability in older individuals (75每84ˋyrs). The significant decline of stability in the older subjects may be explained by the impairment of proprioceptive control together with the decrease in compensatory visual stabilization and emergency responses. Younger subjects (65每74ˋyrs) exhibited better, but still inadequate, proprioceptive control with compensatory visual stabilization. Gender differences appeared in older subjects: women were significantly less stable than men. The measurement of the sensory components of single stance stability could aid in the early detection of a decay in antigravity movements many years before the risk of falling becomes evident. Adequate proprioceptive control could mitigate the effects of all other risks of falling. 1. Introduction Unstable balance, falls, and loss of independence in the older population are a growing problem in the developed countries [1, 2]. The safety of walking and balance are indispensable requirements to prevent falls and loss of independence [3每6]. Safe mobility is primarily based on the integration of the proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular inputs [7每11]. Afferent proprioceptive inputs are conveyed to different levels of the central nervous system [10, 12, 13], but most remain unconscious and only a very few (approximately one signal out of a million) are able to reach the conscious level [14]. The joint position sense and the joint movement sense (kinesthesia) are the expression of the conscious component, while postural control is mainly based on the unconscious component [13]. In the case of the antigravity movements, proprioceptive control is the expression of the effectiveness of the stabilizing reflexes in controlling vertical stability [12]. By antigravity movements, we mean activities which require the individual to counteract gravity and postural instability with at least a phase of single-limb stance (walking, running, jumping, going up and down stairs, and so forth). Proprioceptive inputs are the
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2013/561695/