%0 Journal Article
%T The Sorption of Ni(II) by Grape Shell Ash from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
%A Nahid Ghasemi
%A Maryam Ghasemi
%A Yaghoub Khosravi-Fard
%J Indian Journal of Materials Science
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/248138
%X The sorption of Ni(II) onto grape shell ash (GSA) was studied by performing batch kinetic sorption experiments. The influences of major parameters in Nickel(II) ions sorption on GS such as initial of pH, initial concentration of Ni(II) ions, the initial temperatures of solution, and contact time were investigated. The maximum increase in the rate of sorption of Ni(II) ions on GS was observed at an initial pH = 5, initial concentration of nickel 50£¿mgL£¿1, temperature of solution (328£¿K), and £¿min. The rate constants and the equilibrium sorption capacities were calculated. The results indicate that the sorption process follows the second-order kinetics and the values of rate constants were found to be 0.224, 0.402, 0.193 and 0.123£¿min£¿1 at 298, 308, 318, and 328£¿K, respectively. The values of correlation coefficients for the adsorption of Ni(II) on GSA from all the systems were found to be 0.999, and the values of predicted equilibrium sorption capacities showed good agreement with the experimental equilibrium uptake values. The thermodynamic parameters ( , , and ) of the adsorption process were calculated, and these parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous. 1. Introduction The presence of heavy metals in the environment is of major concern because of their toxic nature and tendency for bioaccumulation in the food chain even in relatively low concentrations [1¨C5]. The discharge of water containing heavy metals causes critical pollution problems. Nickel (II) ion is one such heavy metal frequently encountered in wastewater streams from industries such as electroplating, battery manufacture, mineral processing, steam-electric power plants, paint formulation, and porcelain enameling [6¨C8]. In drinking water and for industrial wastewater, the tolerance limit of nickel is 0.01£¿mg£¿L£¿1 and 2.0£¿mg£¿L£¿1. Cancer of nose, bone, and lungs is created. Dermatitis (nickel itch) is the most frequent effect of exposure to nickel, such as coins and costume jewelry. Nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4] has been estimated as lethal in humans at atmospheric exposures of 30£¿mg£¿L£¿1 for 30£¿min [3]. Acute Ni(II) poisoning causes dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, dry cough and shortness of breath, rapid respiration, cyanosis, and extreme weakness [9¨C12]. These harmful effects of Ni(II) necessitate its removal from wastewaters before the release into streams. Several treatment methods such as membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation/reduction, ion exchange, filtration, electrochemical treatment, solvent extraction, co-precipitation,
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijms/2013/248138/