%0 Journal Article
%T Fertility Evaluation of Limed Brazilian Soil Polluted with Scrap Metal Residue
%A Fl¨¢via Almeida Gabos
%A Aline Rene¨¦ Coscione
%A Ronaldo Severiano Berton
%A Gl¨¢ucia Cec¨ªlia Gabrielli dos Santos
%J Applied and Environmental Soil Science
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/543095
%X The aim of this work was to characterize the main inorganic contaminants and evaluate the effect of lime addition, combined with soil dilution with uncontaminated soil, as a strategy for mitigation of these contaminants present in a soil polluted with auto scrap. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse at Campinas (S£¿o Paulo State, Brazil) in plastic pots (3£¿dm£¿3). Five soil mixtures, obtained by mixing an uncontaminated soil sample with contaminated soil (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% contaminated soil), were evaluated for soil fertility, availability of inorganic contaminants, and corn development. In addition to the expected changes in soil chemistry due to the addition of lime, only the availability of Fe and Mn in the soil mixtures was affected, while the available contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb increased to some extent in the soil mixtures with higher proportion of contaminated soil. Liming of 10£¿t£¿ha£¿1 followed by soil dilution at any proportion studied was not successful for mitigation of the inorganic contaminants to a desired level of soil fertility, as demonstrated by the available amounts extracted by the DTPA method (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd) and hot water (B) still present in the soil. This fact was also proved by the phytotoxicity observed and caused by high amounts of B and Zn accumulating in the plant tissue. 1. Introduction In many parts of the world, soil is still considered as an option for waste disposal, acting simultaneously as a filter that protects the groundwater and as a bioreactor in which many pollutants may be degraded or stored [1]. Thus, inorganic chemical elements accumulate in soil as a result of human activities. The monitoring and remediation of contaminated soil are relatively new processes in Brazil, introduced less than 20 years ago. The environmental agency of S£¿o Paulo State (CETESB) is a pioneer in the country and has identified more than 4,131 contaminated areas in that state, of which at least 13% are contaminated exclusively by the addition of heavy metals to the soil [2]. Soil contamination by heavy metals requires an effective and affordable solution due to their potential toxicity and high persistence [3]. Among the so-called heavy metals, elements such as Cu (copper), Pb (lead), and Zn (zinc) are important contaminants because high quantities of these elements can decrease crop production and due to the risk of biomagnification and bioaccumulation in the food chain [4, 5]. Other inorganic contaminants that are not as frequently considered, such as B (boron) and Ba (barium), can be extremely toxic to
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aess/2013/543095/