%0 Journal Article
%T Production and Emissions of Marine Isoprene and Monoterpenes: A Review
%A Stephanie L. Shaw
%A Brett Gantt
%A Nicholas Meskhidze
%J Advances in Meteorology
%D 2010
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2010/408696
%X Terrestrial and marine photosynthetic organisms emit trace gases, including isoprene and monoterpenes. The resulting emissions can impact the atmosphere through oxidative chemistry and formation of secondary organic aerosol. Large uncertainty exists as to the magnitude of the marine sources of these compounds, their controlling factors, and contribution to marine aerosol. In recent years, the number of relevant studies has increased substantially, necessitating the review of this topic. Isoprene emissions vary with plankton species, chlorophyll concentration, light, and other factors. Remote marine boundary layer isoprene mixing ratios can reach >300 pptv, and extrapolated global ocean fluxes range from 1 to >10£¿Tg C year . Modeling studies using surface chlorophyll concentration as an isoprene emissions proxy suggest variable atmospheric impacts. More information is needed, including emission fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes from various biogeographical areas, the effects of species and nutrient limitation on emissions, and the aerosol yields via condensation and nucleation, in order to better quantify the atmospheric impacts of marine isoprene and monoterpenes. 1. Introduction It is has been well established that photosynthetic organisms can emit trace gases, collectively known as biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), that play a role in the formation of ozone (O3) and help extend the lifetime of important atmospheric gases such as methane and carbon monoxide. Isoprene (C5H8) is the atmosphere¡¯s most ubiquitous BVOC with annual global emissions estimated at 500¨C750£¿Tg of carbon [1]. While terrestrial vegetation has the highest isoprene emission rates, it has been shown that productive areas of remote ocean, coastal upwelling regions, and wetlands [2¨C4] can all emit isoprene at rates that can potentially influence the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere in remote marine and coastal regions [5¨C9]. In addition to its photochemical role, isoprene has been shown to be an important precursor to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation [10, 11]. Recent studies revealed that SOA can strongly impact the radiation balance of the atmosphere, modify cloud microphysics, and participate in chemical transformations. Marine SOA of biogenic origin could be especially important for understanding the cloud-mediated effects of aerosols on climate, because cloud properties respond to aerosols in a nonlinear way and are most sensitive to the addition of particles when the background concentration is low [12]. While the role of ocean ecology in shaping the
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2010/408696/