%0 Journal Article
%T Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumonia in Pneumonia-Prone Age Groups in Semarang, Java Island, Indonesia
%A Helmia Farida
%A Juliˋtte A. Severin
%A M. Hussein Gasem
%A Monique Keuter
%A Hendro Wahyono
%A Peterhans van den Broek
%A Peter W. M. Hermans
%A Henri A. Verbrugh
%J PLOS ONE
%D 2014
%I Public Library of Science (PLoS)
%R 10.1371/journal.pone.0087431
%X Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide occurring pathogen Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes pneumonia and other pneumococcal diseases in the community. Little is known about S. pneumoniae carriage in Indonesia, complicating strategies to control pneumococcal diseases. We investigated nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in Semarang, Indonesia. Methods A population-based survey was performed in Semarang, Indonesia. Nasopharyngeal swabs and questionnaires were taken from 496 healthy young (6每60 month-old) children and 45每70 year-old adults. Results Forty-three percent of children aged 6每60 months and 11% of adults aged 45每75 years carried S. pneumoniae. Determinants of carriage were being a child (OR 7.7; 95% CI = 4.5每13.0), passive smoking (OR 2.1; 95% CI = 1.3每3.4), and contact with toddler(s) at home (OR 3.0; 95% CI = 1.9每4.7). The most frequent serotypes found were 6A/B and 15B/C. The current commercially available vaccines cover <50% serotypes found in children. Twenty-four percent of S. pneumoniae strains were penicillin non-susceptible, and 45% were resistant to cotrimoxazol. Conclusions The limited coverage of commercially available vaccines against the serotypes found in this population, and the high proportion of non-susceptibility to penicillin and cotrimoxazol suggest the need for region-specific information and strategies to control S. pneumoniae.
%U http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0087431