%0 Journal Article
%T Effect of Copper (II) Ions on Quality of Struvite Produced in Continuous Reaction Crystallization Process at the Magnesium Ions Excess
%A Nina Hutnik
%A Boguslawa Wierzbowska
%A Krzysztof Piotrowski
%A Andrzej Matynia
%J Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science
%P 1-6
%@ 2160-0406
%D 2013
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/aces.2013.34B001
%X <p>
	<span>The research results concerning continuous removal of phosphate</span><span> </span><span>(V) ions from solutions containing 1.0 or 0.20 mass % of phosphate</span><span> </span><span>(V) ions and 0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg of copper</span><span> </span><span>(II) ions using magnesium and ammonium ions addition are presented. Continuous reaction crystallization of struvite MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></span><sub><span> </span></sub><span>กม</span><span> </span><span>6H<sub>2</sub>O ran both under stoichiometric conditions and at 20% excess of magnesium ions (pH 9, </span><span style=\"font-family:Symbol;\">t</span><span> 900 s). It was concluded, that presence of copper</span><span> </span><span>(II) ions in a process system influenced product quality moderately advantageously. Mean size of struvite crystals enlarged by ca. 6% only. Lower concentration of phosphate</span><span> </span><span>(V) ions and excess of magnesium ions caused, that products of ca. 9</span><span>% - </span><span>13% larger crystal mean size (up to ca.40</span><span style=\"font-family:Symbol;\">m</span><span>m) were removed from the crystallizer. Presence of struvite crystals and copper</span><span> </span><span>(II) hydroxide were detected analytically in the products (Cu in a product varied from 6 to 90 mg/kg). Presence of copper</span><span> </span><span>(II) ions favored crystallization of struvite in the form of tubular crystals.</span><span> </span><span></span>
</p>
%K Struvite
%K Phosphate(V) Ions
%K Copper Ions
%K Continuous Reaction Crystallization
%K DT MSMPR Crystallizer
%K Crystal Size Distribution
%K Product Quality
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=38585