%0 Journal Article
%T Mouvements ¨¦conomiques et criminalit¨¦ : quelques pistes de r¨¦flexion
%A Nicolas Bourgoin
%J Champ P¨¦nal
%D 2009
%I Champ p¨¦nal
%R 10.4000/champpenal.7489
%X Que signifie une corr¨¦lation chronologique significative entre d¨¦t¨¦rioration ¨¦conomique et niveau de criminalit¨¦ sanctionn¨¦e ? Que le ch mage est un facteur de d¨¦linquance ou que la r¨¦pression p¨¦nale s¡¯accro t pendant les p¨¦riodes de r¨¦cession ? Optant pour le second terme ¨C sans toutefois n¨¦gliger le premier ¨C sur la base de travaux m¨¦thodologiques r¨¦cents, nous montrons que le ch mage masculin et le taux de d¨¦tention ont suivi des ¨¦volutions parall¨¨les entre 1975 et 2009 et que les ch meurs sont surrepr¨¦sent¨¦s chez les entrants en prison. La r¨¦pression p¨¦nale, qui touche prioritairement les cat¨¦gories sociales d¨¦favoris¨¦es, s¡¯accro t en p¨¦riode de r¨¦cession. L¡¯¨¦tat paternaliste remplace l¡¯¨¦tat   maternaliste   comme le montre la corr¨¦lation significative entre d¨¦tention et in¨¦galit¨¦s sociales. Le contr le social s¡¯est durci depuis 1975, parall¨¨lement ¨¤ la crise ¨¦conomique, l¡¯¨¦tat tirant de plus en plus sa l¨¦gitimit¨¦ du p¨¦nal au d¨¦triment du social. Cette ¨¦volution id¨¦ologique, qui s¡¯acc¨¦l¨¨re depuis 2002, renforce le r le propre du facteur ¨¦conomique et conduit alors ¨¤ une explosion de l¡¯effectif annuel des incarc¨¦rations. How significant is the meaningful chronological link between the worsening economic conditions and the level of crime actually punished? Does it mean that unemployment is an aggravating factor of crime or that the penal crackdown rises during economic slumps? Focusing attention upon the latter query without tossing the former aside, and drawing our conclusions from recent methodological studies, we have shown that unemployment among the male population and the number of committals to prison joined into a similar surging curve between 1975 and 2009; we have also shown that the unemployed people going to jail are by far the more numerous. Concerned primarily with the underprivileged strata of our society, the penal crackdown increases during an economic slump. As the close correlation existing between social inequalities and committals to jail has revealed, a paternalistic State takes the place of a ¡°maternalistic¡± one. Going up in a similar way with the economic slump, social control has grown tougher since 1975, and the State has more and more been taking its legitimacy from its stand against crime at the expense of social actions. That ideological trend has been evolving much more acutely since 2002, strengthening the specific part of the economic factor, which the leads to a real impressive upsurge in the yearly figures of jailed people.
%K criminality
%K economic conjuncture
%K penal repression
%K conjoncture ¨¦conomique
%K r¨¦pression p¨¦nale
%U http://champpenal.revues.org/7489