%0 Journal Article
%T La construction sociale de l¡¯alt¨¦rit¨¦ en Gr¨¨ce
%A Anastassia Tsoukala
%J Cahiers Balkaniques
%D 2011
%I INALCO
%X L'¨¦tat grec, ¨¤ ses d¨¦buts, s'est appuy¨¦ sur une identit¨¦ collective mythique qui a subi de graves traumatismes et doit aujourd'hui se reconstruire.La cr¨¦ation de l¡¯¨¦tat grec moderne s¡¯est appuy¨¦e sur une identit¨¦ collective mythique, qui s¡¯articulait autour d¡¯une soci¨¦t¨¦ pr¨¦tendument homog¨¨ne sur le plan d¨¦mographique, d¡¯une population ¨¦parpill¨¦e en dehors des fronti¨¨res du pays qu¡¯il convenait d¡¯y int¨¦grer en menant des guerres irr¨¦dentistes, et d¡¯une continuit¨¦ historique ininterrompue depuis l¡¯Antiquit¨¦. L¡¯arriv¨¦e massive des r¨¦fugi¨¦s grecs en 1922 a mis en rude ¨¦preuve cette identit¨¦ nationale. Alors que l¡¯¨¦tat leur a imm¨¦diatement accord¨¦ des droits civiques, la majorit¨¦ de la soci¨¦t¨¦ leur a r¨¦serv¨¦ un accueil hostile qui les a rapidement marginalis¨¦s. Un nouveau d¨¦chirement suivit, la guerre civile (1949), or, tout au long de sa dur¨¦e et surtout une fois termin¨¦e, cette guerre fut ni¨¦e, ou r¨¦duite ¨¤ la seule figure du communiste manipulateur¨Cmanipul¨¦ qui permettait d¡¯apporter des r¨¦ponses r¨¦confortantes ¨¤ des questions douloureuses sur le plan politique, social et d¨¦mographique du pays. Pr¨¦server cette image de la menace communiste a, donc, impliqu¨¦ l¡¯imposition du silence. Sa remise en question, r¨¦cente, est-elle aussi en voie de construction. The Modern Greek state was created on the basis of a collective, mythical identity. This identity was predicated upon an allegedly homogeneous population scattered well beyond the borders of the country, with all its irredentist aspirations, and upon an imagined historical continuity that was uninterrupted since Antiquity. The massive arrival of Greek refugees in 1922 put this national identity severely to the test. Whereas the state immediately granted them civil rights, they were not welcomed by most of Greek society, which promptly marginalised them. A new rupture followed in the form of the Civil War (1949). In the course of this conflict, and more especially afterwards, the war was denied, or reduced to the lone figure of the communist¡ªat once manipulator and manipulated¡ªwhich made it possible to give comforting answers to the country's painful political, social and demographic questions. Preserving this image of the communist threat therefore necessitated silence¡ªa silence only recently broken.
%K ¦Å¦Ë¦Ë¦Ç¦Í¦É¦Ê   ¦Å¦Ì¦Õ ¦Ë¦É¦Ï  ¦Ð ¦Ë¦Å¦Ì¦Ï  (1946-1949)
%K ¦¥¦Ë¦Ë ¦Ä¦Á
%K Greek civil war (1946-1949)
%K Modern greek identity
%K Greece
%K refugees
%K Nation-state
%K identit¨¦ grecque
%K ¨¦tat-nation
%K Gr¨¨ce
%K guerre civile grecque (1946-1949)
%K dix-neuvi¨¨me si¨¨cle
%K vingti¨¨me si¨¨cle
%K Histoire
%K Sciences politiques
%K §¤§â§è§Ú §Ñ
%K Yunanistan
%K Yunan    Sava   (1946-1949)
%U http://ceb.revues.org/836