%0 Journal Article
%T Genetic polymorphism in msp-2, ama-1 and csp genes in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from north and north-western India
%A Umar Farooq
%A N. Malla
%A M.L. Dubey
%J Journal of Vector Borne Diseases
%D 2009
%I National Institute of Malaria Research
%X Background & objectives: Malaria is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Malaria vaccine is highly desirable as an adjunct to existing malaria control measures. The polymorphism in vaccine candidate antigens might be a hurdle in developing an effective vaccine. Merozoite surface protein-2, apical membrane antigen-1 and circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum are vaccine candidate antigens. The aim of this study was to detect extent of genetic polymorphism in potential vaccine candidate antigen genes, i.e. msp-2, ama-1 and csp of P. falciparum isolates prevalent in northern and north-western parts of India. Methods Overall 88 parasite isolates of P. falciparum were collected during July 1998 March 2002 from different parts of northern and north-western India. DNA was extracted and analyzed for genetic polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method. For msp-2 gene, family-specific (FC-27 and 3D7) nested PCR was also performed. Results: PCR showed size polymorphism in all the target genes. Three alleles were observed in msp-2 and ama-1, while only two in csp. RFLP of ama-1 and csp with Dra-1 and Ssp-1 endonucleases respectively, failed to differentiate isolates in sub-allelic types, while Hinf-I digestion of msp-2 amplicons differentiated three alleles into two distinct allelic families, i.e. FC-27 and 3D7. The allelic family-specific PCR generally confirmed the results of PCR-RFLP except in a few isolates, which showed mixed (two) clones of msp-2 gene. Interpretation & conclusion: There was extensive polymorphism in msp-2 gene while ama-1 and csp genes showed low polymorphism which may be due to the functional constraints of these proteins. The low level transmission of malaria in the study area may also be a factor for low polymorphism.
%K Ama-1
%K csp
%K genetic polymorphism
%K msp-2
%K nested PCR
%K PCR-RFLP
%K Plasmodium falciparum
%U http://www.mrcindia.org/journal/issues/462109.pdf