%0 Journal Article %T The Rise of the New Western in the 1960s: E.L. Doctorow¡¯s Welcome to Hard Times %A Arthur Jaupaj %J European Journal of American Studies %D 2008 %I European Association for American Studies %R 10.4000/ejas.3303 %X 1. IntroductionThe 1960s are often typified as turbulent years marked by accumulated and repressed energy breaking loose to ¡°flood¡± preconceived absolutes and media-based mentalities. The so called ¡°counter-culture¡± revolution, with its innovative artistic explosion and general distrust towards master narratives, generated numerous social and political implications which permanently shaped the expectations of future generations. In the field of literature and film, it also initiated a re-eval... %U http://ejas.revues.org/3303