%0 Journal Article
%T Multivalent structure of galectin-1-nanogold complex serves as potential therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis by enhancing receptor clustering
%A Y-J Huang
%A A-L Shiau
%A S-Y Chen
%A Y-L Chen
%J European Cells and Materials (ECM)
%D 2012
%I 
%X Cellular behaviour is controlled by numerous processes, including intracellular signalling pathways that are triggered by the binding of ligands with cell surface receptors. Multivalent ligands have multiple copies of a recognition element that binds to receptors and influences downstream signals. Nanoparticle-ligand complexes may form multivalent structures to crosslink receptors with high avidity and specificity. After conjugation onto gold nanoparticles, galectin-1 (Au-Gal1) bound with higher affinity to Jurkat cells to promote CD45 clustering and inhibition of its phosphatase activity, resulting in enhancement of apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways. Au-Gal1 injected intra-articularly into rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) promoted apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the ankle joints as well as ameliorated clinical symptoms of arthritis. These observed therapeutic effects indicate that the multivalent structure of nanoparticle-ligands can regulate the distribution of cell surface receptors and subsequent intracellular signalling, and this may provide new insights into nanoparticle applications.
%K Rheumatoid arthritis
%K ankle joint
%K apoptosis
%K cell-surface receptors
%K galectin-1
%K gold
%K inflammation
%K nanoparticles
%U http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol023/pdf/v023a13.pdf