%0 Journal Article
%T Managing Trans-Regional Water Transfer in Dry African Countries to Mitigate Shortages.pdf
%A Shija Kazumba
%A Leonid Gillerman
%A Gideon Oron
%J Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Sciences
%D 2011
%I Global Research Publishing
%X The deficiency of water resources is limiting directly and severely the socio-economic development and ecological environmental protection in the Internal Drainage basin (IDB) in the central part of Tanzania which is considered to be semi-arid region. Due to the regional differences in water availability a revised setting of in country water distribution is required. The objective of the work described here within is to determine the least-cost solution for a national water transportation system among the regions, simultaneously meeting the water delivery requirements in the IDB and complying with all other relevant regulatory criteria. The principal of optimal water transportation from eight administrative source basins to the IDB by cost minimization has been implemented. The results obtained by using 70% level of annual renewable water for Environment Water Requirements (EWR) suggest that excess annual renewable water resources from source basins is sufficient to supply the IDB. Transportation constraints imposed in the water management model limits some of the basins to be considered as preferred water sources. On the basis of the modeling results, Lake Tanganyika basin, Lake Rukwa basin and Wami/Ruvu river basins (all are in Tanzania) have been identified as reasonably preferred water sources. Pangani basin in the north-eastern part of Tanzania is under water shortage, water withdrawal from the Pangani basin would further damage the Pangani river ecology and water environment. The optimum total costs (operation costs, capital investments and maintenance of the concrete pipeline) range between 0.69 and 1.37 US $/m3.
%K water allocation
%K optimum total costs of water transportation
%K management model
%K Tanzania
%K Internal Drainage Basin
%K environment water requirements
%U http://www.grpjournal.org/download/Managing%20Trans-Regional%20Water%20Transfer%20in%20Dry%20African%20Countries%20to%20Mitigate%20Shortages.aspx