%0 Journal Article
%T Duplex PCR assay for the detection of avian adeno virus and chicken anemia virus prevalent in Pakistan
%A Latif U Rehman
%A Bakht Sultan
%A Ijaz Ali
%A Muhammad A Bhatti
%A Sana U Khan
%A Khaliq U Zaman
%A Anila T Jahangiri
%A Najib U Khan
%A Aqib Iqbal
%A Jehan Bakht
%A Zahoor A Swati
%A Muti U Rehman
%J Virology Journal
%D 2011
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1743-422x-8-440
%X Adenoviruses are common infectious agents of poultry. The avian adenoviruses are divided into three groups i.e. group ¦©, group ¦° and group III. Group ¦© is composed of 5 species (A to E) and 12 serotypes (FAdV-1 to FAdV-12) of avian adenoviruses of chickens, turkeys, goose and duck [1-3]. The group ¦© adenoviruses are famous for causing hydropericardium-syndrome in chickens (caused by FAdV-4 strains), Quail Bronchitis in quail (caused by FAdV-1) and inclusion body hepatitis [4-6]. Group ¦° of avian adenoviruses causes hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys, marble spleen disease in pheasants and splenomegaly in chickens. Group ¦° viruses have a common group antigen that differentiates them from group ¦© [7]. Group III viruses are famous for egg drop syndrome in chickens and a similar virus is believed to infect duck [8].The first avian adenovirus was isolated in 1949 when material from a case of lumpy skin disease in cattle was inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs [9]. Other early unintentional isolates of fowl adenoviruses were the chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) isolates made in embryonated eggs [10] and the GAL viruses from chicken cell cultures [11]. The first isolate of an avian adenovirus from diseased birds was from an outbreak of respiratory disease in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) by Olson [12].The avian adenovirus infections cause high economic losses by increasing mortality in chickens, poor feed conversion, drop in egg production, eggs of poor quality and also diminished weight gain. The avian adenoviruses are also involved in immune suppression which may lead to secondary infections [13-15].Chicken anaemia virus, previously known as chicken anaemia agent (CAA), was first isolated by Yuasa et al in 1979 [16]. The virus is small, non-enveloped, icosahedral, and contains a circular, single-stranded DNA genome [17,18]. It has recently been classified as the sole member of the genus Gyrovirus [19]. It causes severe aplastic anaemia in young chickens [16,
%U http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/440