%0 Journal Article
%T La technologie ADN dans la justice p¨¦nale : une illustration de la recomposition de l¡¯action de la justice par la science, la technique et l¡¯expertise ? The DNA Technology in Criminal Justice: An Example of how the Interweaving of Science, Technology and Expertise Impacts on Legal Proceedings.
%A Bertrand Renard
%J Droit et Cultures
%D 2011
%I L¡¯Harmattan
%X Le recours ¨¤ l¡¯ADN dans le processus judiciaire p¨¦nal s¡¯est progressivement d¨¦velopp¨¦ pour devenir en moins de 20 ans l¡¯une des ressources scientifiques les moins contest¨¦es de la justice p¨¦nale. Cette forme d¡¯autorit¨¦ acquise en un temps assez court invite ¨¤ se pencher sur les conditions sociales de l¡¯¨¦mergence de l¡¯ADN et de son utilisation comme ¨¦l¨¦ment de preuve en contexte judiciaire. Comment et dans quelle mesure l¡¯ADN est-il endog¨¦n¨¦is¨¦, par le biais de l¡¯expertise judiciaire, dans la justice et quels en sont les effets sur les raisonnements et les pratiques judiciaires ? Il convient, pour le savoir, de d¨¦crire et d¡¯analyser les pratiques sociales relatives ¨¤ l¡¯identification par analyse g¨¦n¨¦tique (IAG) en justice p¨¦nale, qui sont ce par quoi l¡¯action judiciaire int¨¨gre des ¨¦l¨¦ments technologiques et les   dig¨¨re  . Pour ce faire, l¡¯article proc¨¨de d¡¯une d¨¦marche en trois temps, en illustrant d¡¯abord l¡¯int¨¦r¨ºt d¡¯ouvrir la bo te noire du travail de l¡¯expert en IAG et en montrant ensuite ¨¤ quel point l¡¯int¨¦gration des dimensions scientifiques dans l¡¯¨¦laboration du droit se r¨¦v¨¨le difficile. Sur cette base enfin, l¡¯auteur tire quelques enseignements sur les relations qu¡¯entretiennent droit et science dans ce contexte d¡¯un usage technologique au sein de l¡¯action judiciaire p¨¦nale. In less than 20 years, the use of DNA has progressively increased and is now considered as one of the less problematic scientific resources in the judicial criminal process. The fact that this new form of authority has been accepted relatively quickly raises the question of the social conditions of its use as an element of proof in judicial context. How and to which extent DNA has been integrated in the legal process and has impacted on the legal reasoning and practices? What kind of role judicial experts and forensic scientists have played to translate and integrate this part of scientific knowledge into the routines of legal professions and courts? To answer these questions, we have to describe and analyse the social practices concerning what is called, in criminal rules of procedure, the Identification by Genetic Analysis (IGA), fine example to show how the judicial inquiry uses and  digests  new technologies. This paper is based on a three-steps approach: firstly, it shows how interesting it is to open the black box of the work done in IGA expert¡¯s work; secondly, it shows how difficult is the integration of scientific aspects in the working-out of law; and finally, the author draws several lessons about the relationships between law and science in this specific context
%K expertise
%K ADN
%K empreintes g¨¦n¨¦tiques
%K justice p¨¦nale
%K sociologie des sciences
%K DNA
%K Genetic Footprints
%K Criminal Justice
%K Forensic Sciences
%K STS (Science and Technology Studies)
%U http://droitcultures.revues.org/2467