%0 Journal Article
%T Preliminary Survey of the Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungi in the Forest Soils of Algeria Prospe  o Preliminar de Nem¨¢todos e Fungos Entomopatog¨¦nicos em Solos Florestais da Arg¨¦lia
%A Mohamed Zamoum
%A Sabiha Berchiche
%A Karima Sai
%A Oreste Triggiani
%J Silva Lusitana
%D 2011
%I Esta??o Florestal Nacional
%X The natural distribution and diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and fungi (EPF) in various biotopes in Algeria was studied, particularly in forests and plantations of cedar, oak, pine, eucalyptus and palm. The objective of this study was to identify EPN and/or EPF species which could be used to control forest insect pests. Soil sampling was carried out at 223 sites from April 2007 to March 2008. To trap EPN's juvenile larvae of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae and EPF, the method of "insect-trap" was used in the laboratory. Caterpillars of Galleria mellonella (Lep., Pyralidae) and the forest insects Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) and Lymantria dispar (Lep. Lymantriidae) were used. The presence of EPN was noted in 8.1% of the sampled sites and EPF in 9.9%. The presence of the EPN in the oasis biotope may result from particular microclimate conditions (of temperature and humidity). Nematodes belonging to the Steinernematidae family and Steinernema genus were identified. In addition, 10 fungal species were isolated, namely: Beauveria bassiana, Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicellium sp., Trichoderma sp., Sordaria sp., Mucor sp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus nigricans and Rhizopus nigricans. The majority of the fungi were isolated in the conidian form, except for Chaetomium globosum which had its perfect form with perithecia. The presence of EPN and EPF seems to depend on the dominant species of forest trees, either cork oak (35%), cedar (12.5%), pine (12.5%), palm (10%) or eucalyptus (7.5%). A distribui  o natural e a diversidade de nem¨¢todos e fungos entomopatog¨¦nicos em v¨¢rios bi¨®tipos da Arg¨¦lia foram estudadas, incidindo particularmente em florestas de cedro, carvalho, pinheiro, eucalipto e palmeiras. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar nem¨¢todos e/ou fungos que possam vir a ser utilizados em futuros programas de controlo biol¨®gico de pragas florestais. Amostragens de solo foram efetuadas em 223 locais da Arg¨¦lia, entre Abril de 2007 e Mar o de 2008. Para capturar os nem¨¢todos e fungos foi utilizado o m¨¦todo do "inseto-armadilha" do "inseto-armadilha", usando-se como isco lagartas de Galleria mellonella (Lep., Pyralidae), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) e Lymantria dispar (Lep. Lymantriidae). Detetou-se a presen a de nem¨¢todos entomopatog¨¦nicos em 8,1% dos locais amostrados e de fungos em 9,9%. A presen a destes organismos em o¨¢sis pode derivar de caracter¨ªsticas micro-clim¨¢ticas particulares, nomeadamente de temperatura e humidade. Foram identificados nem¨¢todos pertencentes ¨¤ fam¨ªlia Steinernema
%K Entomopatog¨¦nico
%K nem¨¢todos
%K fungo
%K pragas florestais
%K controlo biol¨®gico
%K Arg¨¦lia
%K Entomopathogenic
%K nematodes
%K fungi
%K forest insect pests
%K biological control
%K Algeria
%U http://www.scielo.oces.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0870-63522011000200017