%0 Journal Article
%T National and subnational mortality effects of metabolic risk factors and smoking in Iran: a comparative risk assessment
%A Farshad Farzadfar
%A Goodarz Danaei
%A Hengameh Namdaritabar
%A Julie Rajaratnam
%A Jacob R Marcus
%A Ardeshir Khosravi
%A Siamak Alikhani
%A Christopher JL Murray
%A Majid Ezzati
%J Population Health Metrics
%D 2011
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1478-7954-9-55
%X We used data from the Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey to estimate means and standard deviations for the metabolic risk factors, nationally and by region. Lung cancer mortality was used to measure cumulative exposure to smoking. We used data from the death registration system to estimate age-, sex-, and disease-specific numbers of deaths in 2005, adjusted for incompleteness using demographic methods. We used systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies to obtain the effect of risk factors on disease-specific mortality. We estimated deaths and life expectancy loss attributable to risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework.In 2005, high SBP was responsible for 41,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 38,000, 44,000) deaths in men and 39,000 (36,000, 42,000) deaths in women in Iran. High FPG, BMI, and TC were responsible for about one-third to one-half of deaths attributable to SBP in men and/or women. Smoking was responsible for 9,000 deaths among men and 2,000 among women. If SBP were reduced to optimal levels, life expectancy at birth would increase by 3.2 years (2.6, 3.9) and 4.1 years (3.2, 4.9) in men and women, respectively; the life expectancy gains ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 years for TC, BMI, and FPG. SBP was also responsible for the largest number of deaths in every region, with age-standardized attributable mortality ranging from 257 to 333 deaths per 100,000 adults in different regions.Management of blood pressure through diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions should be a priority in Iran. Interventions for other metabolic risk factors and smoking can also improve population health.Iran has experienced unprecedented demographic changes over the past few decades. According to the General Population and Housing Census, the number of adults older than 64 years of age increased from 1.2 million in 1976 (3.7% of the population) to 3.5 million in 2006 (5.5% of the population). Chronic diseases, especially cardiovas
%U http://www.pophealthmetrics.com/content/9/1/55