%0 Journal Article
%T Carbohydrate mouth rinse: does it improve endurance exercise performance?
%A Vitor Painelli
%A Humberto Nicastro
%A Antonio H Lancha
%J Nutrition Journal
%D 2010
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1475-2891-9-33
%X Studies investigating the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) intake before and during exercise have accumulated since the beginning of the 20th century. The study of Krogh & Lindhardt [1] is considered one of the first to hypothesize and recognize the importance of CHO as an energy source for exercise. The authors demonstrated that subjects who underwent a high-CHO diet reported greater facility in accomplishing the proposed exercise (ergometer cycling and/or run) compared with those who consumed a high-fat diet, and this response was accompanied by higher rates of respiratory exchange during exercise. Later, in the mid 60's, using a muscle-biopsy technique, Bergstrom & Hultman [2,3] indicated for the first time the crucial role of muscle glycogen on endurance capacity (time to exhaustion), by demonstrating higher levels of muscle glycogen after consumption of high-CHO diet.Since then, the ergogenic effects of CHO supplementation on endurance exercise performance have been consistently investigated. The mechanisms by which CHO supplementation promotes ergogenic effects may include both blood glucose and rates of CHO oxidation maintenance [4-6], a sparing effect on liver glycogen [7], stimulation of glycogen synthesis during low-intensity exercise [8] and/or exerting a possible stimulatory effect on the central nervous system (CNS) [9].From the well-established mechanisms of CHO ergogenic action, it could be hypothesized that CHO supplementation would exert its ergogenic effect on long duration exercise, where the endogenous CHO could limit the performance at the latter stages of exercise [10,11]. However, CHO supplementation immediately before and during exercise of a shorter and more intense nature (>75% VO2m¨¢x, ¡Ü1 hour) has also been shown to improve performance [12-14]. Possibly, this result could be related to a higher total CHO oxidation rate from the exogenous CHO, allowing high rates of energy expenditure in the latter stages of the exercise. Investigating this hy
%U http://www.nutritionj.com/content/9/1/33