%0 Journal Article
%T Contre-r¨¦forme agraire et conflits fonciers en Jaz ra syrienne (2000-2005) Agrarian counter-reforms and land conflict in the Syrian Jazira (2000-2005)
%A Myriam Ababsa
%J Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la M¨¦diterran¨¦e
%D 2012
%I Universit¨¦ de Provence
%R 10.4000/remmm.3033
%X Between December 2000 and January 2005, the Ba¡®thist government promulgated a series of political decisions (taqar r) and decrees aimed at privatising all state farms in Syria. The principle decree, decision number 83, promulgated on December 16, 2000, allocates land in shares of 3 ha for irrigated land and 8 ha for non-irrigated land. Decision 83 called for land to be distributed by order of priority, to landholders expropriated in the agrarian reforms of 1958, 1963 and 1966, to farm workers and to employees of the General Administration of the Euphrates Basin (GADEB). In January 2005, 12,500 beneficiaries received 38,500 ha. Half of them were former landowners or beneficiaries of the earlier land reforms, a third were sharecroppers with leaseholds and a fifth were workers and GADEB employees. This paper explores the legislative principles of this decision and its impact on agrarian structures and social hierarchies in the Syrian Jazira. The process is used as a case study of a counter-reform that marks the end of the socialist Ba¡®thist ideology. The primary beneficiaries of the reform process are not the traditional rural constituents of the Ba¡¯th party, but a re-emergent class of latifundists tied to the central state and to traditional power structures. L¡¯article analyse le processus de d¨¦mant¨¨lement des fermes d¡¯¨¦tat syriennes en cours depuis d¨¦cembre 2000. Selon une d¨¦cision politique ¨¦mise par le parti Ba¡®th, l¡¯ensemble des fermes d¡¯¨¦tat a ¨¦t¨¦ distribu¨¦, dans l¡¯ordre, aux anciens propri¨¦taires expropri¨¦s lors des r¨¦formes agraires de 1958, 1963 et 1966, aux ouvriers agricoles ainsi qu¡¯aux fonctionnaires dispos¨¦s ¨¤ prendre leur retraite. Mais l¡¯impr¨¦cision l¨¦gale de cette d¨¦cision politique a entra n¨¦ plusieurs mouvements de p¨¦tition (chakua) de la part de propri¨¦taires et de fonctionnaires s¡¯estimant l¨¦s¨¦s. Le d¨¦mant¨¨lement des fermes d¡¯¨¦tat constitue une   contre-r¨¦forme   agraire dans la mesure o¨´ elle permet ¨¤ des entrepreneurs appartenant au groupe tribal des Chawaya de se constituer de riches domaines priv¨¦s au sein des anciens projets ¨¦tatiques o¨´ l¡¯irrigation est fortement subventionn¨¦e.
%U http://remmm.revues.org/3033