%0 Journal Article %T Political change, disease and healthcare reform: the response to the Toxic Oil Syndrome (Spain, 1981-1998) %A Hern芍ndez Mart赤n %A Gregoria %A Mart赤nez-P谷rez %A Jos谷 %J Asclepio : Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia %D 2011 %I Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient赤ficas %X In 1981 Spain was threatened by the sudden appearance of an epidemic-like disease, one which was unknown to that date. The Toxic Oil Syndrome, as it was later named after the oil that caused it, thus demanded a response that became conditioned by the fact that the biological nature of the disease was unknown, but also, significantly by the complex situation in the country at that time. Spain was immersed in process of great political change, as well as a difficult economic situation, the authorities were obliged to react in not ideal conditions and in accordance with the very values that the new model of social relations that was being developed. This paper aims to look at the way in which the Toxic Oil Syndrome acted as a catalyst and accelerated the healthcare reform that, already prior to the outbreak of the epidemic, had been deemed necessary. This work focuses mainly on the response of the health system regarding those affected by the epidemic, as it was forced to treat a group of people with severe physical side effects which would lead to disability within a new framework of social relations. It thus aims to illustrate how many of the measures adopted were in accordance with the main ideas behind the reform, and also how these measures were precursors of those which were later applied to the population as a whole. En 1981, Espa a se vio amenazada por la s迆bita aparici車n en forma de epidemia de una enfermedad desconocida hasta entonces. El S赤ndrome del Aceite T車xico, como acab車 denomin芍ndose en atenci車n al que se ha considerado su agente causal, exigi車 as赤 una respuesta que se vio condicionada por el desconocimiento de sus caracter赤sticas biol車gicas, pero tambi谷n, y de forma relevante, por la compleja coyuntura por la que atravesaba la naci車n. Inmersa como estaba en un profundo proceso de cambio de r谷gimen pol赤tico, que hab赤a de realizarse adem芍s en unas condiciones econ車micas dif赤ciles, los Poderes P迆blicos se vieron obligados a reaccionar en unas condiciones poco id車neas y de acuerdo con los valores propios del nuevo modelo de relaciones sociales que se trataba de establecer. El presente trabajo pretende explorar la forma en que el S赤ndrome del Aceite T車xico dinamiz車 y contribuy車 a acelerar la reforma sanitaria que, ya con anterioridad al estallido de la epidemia, era considerada como una intervenci車n necesaria. El trabajo toma como objeto de atenci車n principal la manera en que se abord車 la respuesta asistencial a los afectados por la enfermedad, que obligaba a atender en un nuevo marco de relaciones sociales a un conjunto de personas con graves %K Toxic Oil Syndrome %K Political Transition in Spain %K History of Disease in Spain %K History of Disability in Spain %K History of social work in Spain %K History of Relations between Medicine and Society %K History of 20th Century Medicine %K S赤ndrome del Aceite T車xico %K Transici車n Pol赤tica en Espa a %K Historia de la Enfermedad en Espa a %K Historia de las Discapacidades en Espa a %K Historia de la Atenci車n Sociosanitaria en Espa a %K Relaciones entre Medicina y Sociedad %K Historia de la Medicina en el %U http://asclepio.revistas.csic.es/index.php/asclepio/article/view/504/507