%0 Journal Article
%T Les charpentes ¨¤ entrait retrouss¨¦ mois¨¦ : exemples orl¨¦anais des XVe et XVIe si¨¨cles Braced collar-beam roofs: examples from 15th and 16th century Orleans
%A Cl¨¦ment Alix
%A Julien Noblet
%J Revue Arch¨¦ologique du Centre de la France
%D 2010
%I F¨¦d¨¦ration pour l¡¯¨¦dition de la Revue arch¨¦ologique du Centre de la France
%X La ville d¡¯Orl¨¦ans poss¨¨de un ensemble important et in¨¦dit de charpentes ¨¤ pannes des XVe et XVIe s. pr¨¦sentant la particularit¨¦ de poss¨¦der un entrait retrouss¨¦ mois¨¦. Attest¨¦ d¨¨s le premier quart du XVe si¨¨cle, ce proc¨¦d¨¦ innovant, constitu¨¦ de deux pi¨¨ces jumel¨¦es venant enserrer les principaux ¨¦l¨¦ments de la ferme, va largement se diffuser dans les ¨¦difices religieux mais surtout dans l¡¯habitat domestique, de la maison polyvalente en pan-de-bois au riche h tel particulier. Ce mode de construction, d¨¦montrant une parfaite ma trise de la statique de la charpente d¨¨s sa conception en vue de renforcer la triangulation de la ferme, s¡¯impose donc rapidement dans un contexte architectural local marqu¨¦ par la raret¨¦ de l¡¯emploi de structures ¨¤ chevrons-formant-fermes. Ainsi, on le retrouve ¨¦galement dans les charpentes ¨¤ enrayure (tourelle d¡¯escalier, toiture en pavillon, abside). L¡¯utilisation g¨¦n¨¦ralis¨¦e de la moise ¨¤ Orl¨¦ans, et de mani¨¨re plus ponctuelle en val de Loire et dans certaines r¨¦gions de France, am¨¨ne aussi ¨¤ s¡¯interroger sur l¡¯origine de ce proc¨¦d¨¦ connu sous d¡¯autres formes dans des charpentes d¨¨s les XIIe-XIIIe s. The town of Orleans possesses an important and unpublished collection of timber-framed roof structures of the 15th and 16th centuries, with a braced collar-beam. Known since the first quarter of the 15th century, this innovative process, involving two twinned pieces clasping the main elements of the frame, became widely spread in religious buildings but particularly in domestic housing, from the multipurpose timber-framed home to the elaborate town house. This method of construction, demonstrating a perfect mastery of the statics of a roof structure from its design with a view to reinforcing the triangulation of the truss, rapidly established itself in a local architectural context marked by the rare use of ¡°chevrons-formant-fermes¡± (common rafters forming a bent). It is also found in roof structures such as turret staircases, pavilion roofs, and apses. The widespread use of the brace in Orleans, and in a more limited manner in the Val de Loire and in certain regions of France, leads us to question the origins of this process, which is known in other forms of roof structures in the 12th-13th centuries.Carpentry, building archaeology, urban residence, Middle Ages, Renaissance
%K Middle Ages
%K roof structure
%K building archaeology
%K urban residence
%K Renaissance
%K Moyen  ge
%K Charpente
%K ¨¦tude de bati
%K habitat urbain
%K Renaissance
%U http://racf.revues.org/1337