%0 Journal Article
%T A mad Mu ammad Nu¡®man et la construction d¡¯une identit¨¦ nationale y¨¦m¨¦nite A mad Mu ammad Nu¡®man and the process of building a national identity in Yemen
%A Fran£¿ois Burgat
%J Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la M¨¦diterran¨¦e
%D 2011
%I Universit¨¦ de Provence
%R 10.4000/remmm.4953
%X Le t¨¦moignage du co-fondateur des Libres nourrit deux itin¨¦raires de connaissance. Il ¨¦claire tout d¡¯abord les grandes causes de l¡¯arri¨¦ration politique du Y¨¦men au cours de la premi¨¨re moiti¨¦ du xxe si¨¨cle : pauvret¨¦ et analphab¨¦tisme sont entretenus par un syst¨¨me d¡¯enseignement surann¨¦ mais ¨¦galement par le traditionalisme religieux et l¡¯exploitation des divisions confessionnelles ¨¤ laquelle recourt l¡¯imam pour assurer son pouvoir. Nu¡®man permet ¨¦galement de prendre la mesure du r le paradoxal de l¡¯accoucheur ¨¦gyptien de la modernisation r¨¦publicaine : en appuyant massivement la r¨¦volution de 1962, Nasser a certes donn¨¦ ¨¤ la jeune R¨¦publique y¨¦m¨¦nite les moyens de sa victoire militaire   par le haut  . Mais en substituant ses agents aux leaders historiques du mouvement de modernisation, il a ob¨¦r¨¦ le caract¨¨re endog¨¨ne de la dynamique modernisatrice, la privant probablement, de ce fait, d¡¯une partie de ses ressources propres. Et en se contentant d¡¯inverser, au lieu de le d¨¦passer, le m¨¦canisme de la stigmatisation sectaire (sunnite chiite), l¡¯influence ¨¦gyptienne a sans doute interf¨¦r¨¦ jusqu¡¯¨¤ nos jours avec le processus de construction de l¡¯identit¨¦ nationale. The testimony of Ahmed Num¡¯an, co-founder of the Free Yemeni Movement addresses two different issues. First, it highlights the causes of the political backwardness of the Yemen of the first half of the XXth century: poverty and illiteracy are upheld by an archaic educational system on the one hand as well as by the religious traditionalism and the exploitation of sectarian divisions (sunni/chia) to which the Imam resorts to ensure its authority. Nu¡¯man also makes it possible to understand the paradoxical character of the role played by the Egyptians in the process of modernisation. By strongly supporting the 1962 republican revolution, Nasser did give to the young Yemeni Republic the means of his military victory ¡°by the top¡±. But by evicting Nu¡¯man and the founders of the main modernisation movement, in favour of his own agents, he has distressed the endogenous character of the dynamics of modernisation, depriving it probably, of part of its own resources. By reversing only, instead of ending the mechanism of sectarian stigmatization (sunni vs shia), the Egyptian influence undoubtedly interfered until nowadays, with the process of building a national identity.
%U http://remmm.revues.org/4953