%0 Journal Article
%T L¡¯impact de la production du sucre sur les campagnes m¨¦diterran¨¦ennes ¨¤ la fin du Moyen  ge The impact of the sugar production on the Mediterranean countryside in the Late Middle Ages
%A Mohamed Ouerfelli
%J Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la M¨¦diterran¨¦e
%D 2012
%I Universit¨¦ de Provence
%R 10.4000/remmm.6363
%X Le d¨¦veloppement de la production du sucre en M¨¦diterran¨¦e ¨¤ la fin du Moyen  ge a engendr¨¦ des r¨¦percussions tant sur le paysage urbain que sur celui des campagnes. Notre enqu¨ºte se limitera ¨¤ ce dernier point pour montrer comment le paysage agraire s¡¯est remodel¨¦. L¨¤ o¨´ la canne ¨¤ sucre s¡¯installe avec ses moyens de transformation, elle accapare l¡¯eau et la terre. Son expansion se r¨¦alise parfois aux d¨¦pens des cultures vivri¨¨res, base de l¡¯alimentation des paysans. Elle entame aussi les for¨ºts environnantes. Les exemples ¨¦tudi¨¦s r¨¦v¨¨lent une consommation impressionnante de bois et de formes de terre cuite pour le raffinage et le conditionnement du sucre.Les effets de cette industrie ne sont pas seulement n¨¦gatifs ; cette activit¨¦ a attir¨¦ une main d¡¯ uvre nombreuse, venue parfois de loin pour chercher des salaires ¨¦lev¨¦s. Elle a pu constituer le noyau d¡¯un habitat rural. De m¨ºme, elle a contribu¨¦ au d¨¦veloppement des syst¨¨mes d¡¯irrigation, ¨¤ l¡¯am¨¦lioration de l¡¯¨¦quipement des r¨¦gions o¨´ elle s¡¯est ¨¦tablie, en les int¨¦grant dans les circuits commerciaux, les rendant ainsi plus accessibles aux moyens de transport. The development of the sugar production in the Mediterranean in the late Middle Ages has generated repercussions on the urban as well as the countryside landscapes. Our investigation in this study will be restricted to this issue in order to indicate how the agrarian countryside was redesigned. Wherever the sugar cane is established with its means of transformation, it grabs water and soil and sometimes, its expansion is carried out at the expense of food crops which are the bases for the peasants¡¯ consumption of food. The sugar cane also initiates the surrounding forests. The carefully selected examples bring to light an impressive consumption of wood and curves of the soil which were worn down for the refining and the processing of sugar.The effects of this industry are not only negative. This activity lured a vast labour, which sometimes came from far away places to look for higher wages. In addition, this activity managed to set up the nucleus of a rural settlement. Likewise, it contributed to the development of the irrigation systems, the improvement of the regions¡¯ amenities where it was established, while integrating them in the commercial mainstream, thus rendering them more accessible to the means of transport.
%K sugar cane
%K production
%K landscapes
%K wood
%K labour
%K canne ¨¤ sucre
%K production
%K bois
%K main d¡¯ uvre
%K paysage
%U http://remmm.revues.org/6363