%0 Journal Article
%T L¡¯¨¦volution des charpentes d¡¯¨¦glises du Val d¡¯Oise, du XIe au XXe si¨¨cle The development of church roofs in Val d'Oise from 11th to 20th century
%A Fr¨¦d¨¦ric Epaud
%A Vincent Bernard
%J Revue Arch¨¦ologique du Centre de la France
%D 2009
%I F¨¦d¨¦ration pour l¡¯¨¦dition de la Revue arch¨¦ologique du Centre de la France
%X De 2003 ¨¤ 2006, un inventaire des charpentes des ¨¦glises du Val d¡¯Oise a ¨¦t¨¦ r¨¦alis¨¦ dans le cadre du SDAVO afin de d¨¦finir les lignes g¨¦n¨¦rales de l¡¯¨¦volution des structures et des techniques de charpenterie du XIe au XXe s. Cet inventaire a permis d¡¯observer 150 charpentes, toutes ¨¦poques confondues, et d¡¯¨¦tudier plus pr¨¦cis¨¦ment celles qui apparaissaient comme les plus repr¨¦sentatives de chaque type identifi¨¦ et de chaque p¨¦riode. Si plusieurs charpentes romanes in¨¦dites ont ¨¦t¨¦ relev¨¦es, celles-ci demeurent ¨¤ l¡¯¨¦tat de r¨¦emploi et appartiennent ¨¤ un r¨¦pertoire relativement connu. Les charpentes gothiques du premier tiers du XIIIe s. sont nombreuses (12% du corpus) et pour la plupart in¨¦dites. Plusieurs d¡¯entre elles t¨¦moignent de la parfaite ma trise du concept des fermes et pannes vers 1230 et de sa large diffusion dans l¡¯architecture religieuse en  le-de-France d¨¨s cette p¨¦riode, au d¨¦triment des chevrons-formant-fermes qui survivent jusqu¡¯au XVIe s. uniquement pour des vo tes. Les charpentes post-m¨¦di¨¦vales d¨¦noncent une baisse de la qualit¨¦ des bois d¡¯ uvre qui s¡¯accompagnent, ¨¤ l¡¯approche du XIXe s., d¡¯une perte des comp¨¦tences techniques en charpenterie. From 2003 to 2006 a study of church roofs in Val d'Oise was performed within the framework of SDAVO to to outline the development of structures and techniques of carpentry from 11th to 20th century. 150 roofs were observed, from all periods, with particular emphasis on those that most typified each type and period. If several unknown Romanesque roofs were discovered, the rest belong to a relatively known repertoire. There are a large number of Gothic roofs of the first third of 13th century (12% of the corpus) and for the most part unpublished. Several of them show a perfect mastery of 'fermes et pannes' (bent and purlins) towards 1230 and of its widespread nature in the religious architecture in Ile-de-France in this period, to the detriment of 'chevrons-formant-fermes' (common rafters forming a bent) which survive until 16th century only for their vaulting. The post-medieval roofs betray a drop in the quality of wood used, which accompanied the loss of carpentry skills at the beginning of 20th century.
%K architecture
%K carpentry
%K wood
%K church
%K medieval
%K architecture
%K charpente
%K bois
%K ¨¦glise
%K m¨¦di¨¦val
%U http://racf.revues.org/1205