%0 Journal Article
%T Migration in the Swiss Alps and Swiss Jura from the Middle Ages to the mid-20th century: a brief review
%A Anne-Lise Head-K£¿nig
%J Revue de G¨¦ographie Alpine
%D 2011
%I Association pour la Diffusion de la Recherche Alpine
%R 10.4000/rga.1359
%X This paper aims at retracing the important phases of migrations in the alpine regions and the Jura from the Middle Ages up to the middle of the 20th century. Migration has always functioned as a necessary complement to the resources of the inhabitants of the upland regions and it increases when the economic disparity with the lowlands becomes more marked. A striking characteristic of such migration is the great diversity that can be observed, since not only the destinations of the migrants varied from community to community, but also different forms of mobility coexisted within the same territory. Migration might be seasonal, pluriannual, lifelong or even definitive. It is also notable that the various types of migration can be observed to be part of a plurisecular tradition, apart from some significant exceptions, such as the emigration of the Walser, enforced migrations and the new types of migration as from the second half of the nineteenth century. The mobility of part of the population was also a consequence of modifications deriving from changes in the prevalent type of production (animal husbandry instead of the cultivation of cereals), as well as from demographic factors. In addition to these factors one can observe the role played by political institutions throughout the period under study: seigneurial power in the Middle Ages, the communal and cantonal instances until the second half of the nineteenth century, and afterwards the federal authorities. Cette contribution vise ¨¤ montrer les grandes phases des mouvements migratoires du Moyen Age au milieu du XXe si¨¨cle dans les mondes alpin et jurassien suisses. La migration a toujours ¨¦t¨¦ une compl¨¦mentarit¨¦ n¨¦cessaire aux ressources de la montagne, et elle s'amplifie lorsque les disparit¨¦s ¨¦conomiques avec le plat pays s'accroissent. Elle se caract¨¦rise par une forte diversit¨¦, puisque non seulement les destinations et les aires d'¨¦tablissement des migrants peuvent varier fortement d'une commune ¨¤ l'autre, mais aussi parce qu'au sein d'un m¨ºme territoire ont toujours coexist¨¦ des formes diff¨¦rentes de mobilit¨¦, saisonni¨¨res, pluriannuelles, viag¨¨res ou d¨¦finitives. Un aspect remarquable de ces types de migration est qu¡¯ils s'inscrivent dans une tr¨¨s longue tradition pluris¨¦culaire, avec quelques exceptions notables, ainsi les migrations des Walser, les migrations forc¨¦es et les nouvelles formes de la migration d¨¨s la seconde moiti¨¦ du XIXe si¨¨cle. La mobilit¨¦ est impos¨¦e aussi par les modifications des formes pr¨¦valantes de production (¨¦levage plut t qu'emblavures), de m¨ºme que par les facteurs d
%K types of migration
%K necessary complementarity
%K substitution
%K influence of political instances
%K types de migration
%K compl¨¦mentarit¨¦ n¨¦cessaire
%K substitution
%K r le des institutions
%U http://rga.revues.org/1359