%0 Journal Article
%T Field Assessment and Specification Review for Roller-Integrated Compaction Monitoring Technologies
%A David J. White
%A Pavana K. R. Vennapusa
%A Heath H. Gieselman
%J Advances in Civil Engineering
%D 2011
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2011/783836
%X Roller-integrated compaction monitoring (RICM) technologies provide virtually 100-percent coverage of compacted areas with real-time display of the compaction measurement values. Although a few countries have developed quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) specifications, broader implementation of these technologies into earthwork construction operations still requires a thorough understanding of relationships between RICM values and traditional in situ point test measurements. The purpose of this paper is to provide: (a) an overview of two technologies, namely, compaction meter value (CMV) and machine drive power (MDP); (b) a comprehensive review of field assessment studies, (c) an overview of factors influencing statistical correlations, (d) modeling for visualization and characterization of spatial nonuniformity; and (e) a brief review of the current specifications. 1. Introduction Roller-integrated compaction monitoring (RICM) technologies refer to sensor measurements integrated into compaction machines. Work in this area was initiated over 30 years ago in Europe for smooth drum rollers compacting granular soils and involved instrumenting the roller with an accelerometer and calculating the ratio of the fundamental frequency to the first harmonic [1, 2]. Modern sensor technologies, computers, and global positioning system (GPS) technologies now make it possible to collect, transmit, and visualize a variety of RICM measurements in real time. As a quality assessment tool for compaction of earth materials, these technologies offer tremendous potential for field controlling the construction process to meet performance quality standards. Recent efforts in the United States (US) have focused attention on how RICM technologies can be used in road building [3¨C5] and relating selected RICM parameters to mechanistic pavement design values. Several manufactures currently offer RICM technologies on smooth drum vibratory roller configurations for compaction of granular materials and asphalt, and nonvibratory roller configurations for compaction of cohesive materials. The current technologies calculate: (1) an index value based on a ratio of selected frequency harmonics for a set time interval for vibratory compaction [1, 2], (2) ground stiffness or dynamic elastic modulus based on a drum-ground interaction model for vibratory compaction [6¨C8], or (3) a measurement of rolling resistance calculated from machine drive power (MDP) for vibratory and nonvibratory compaction [9]. When the accelerometer-based measurement system provides automatic feedback
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2011/783836/