%0 Journal Article
%T Mosquito abundance, bed net coverage and other factors associated with variations in sporozoite infectivity rates in four villages of rural Tanzania
%A Eliningaya J Kweka
%A Watoky MM Nkya
%A Aneth M Mahande
%A Charles Assenga
%A Franklin W Mosha
%A Ester E Lyatuu
%A Charles P Massenga
%A Edwin M Nyale
%A Stephen B Mwakalinga
%A Asanterabi Lowassa
%J Malaria Journal
%D 2008
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1475-2875-7-59
%X A longitudinal survey was conducted in four villages in two regions of Tanzania. Malaria vectors were sampled using the CDC light trap and pyrethrum spray catch methods. In each village, ten paired houses were selected for mosquitoes sampling. Sampling was done in fortnight case and study was undertaken for six months in both Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania) and Dodoma (Central Tanzania) regions.A total of 6,883 mosquitoes were collected including: 5,628 (81.8%) Anopheles arabiensis, 1,100 (15.9%) Culex quinquefasciatus, 89 (1.4%) Anopheles funestus, and 66 (0.9%) Anopheles gambiae s.s. Of the total mosquitoes collected 3,861 were captured by CDC light trap and 3,022 by the pyrethrum spray catch method. The overall light trap: spray catch ratio was 1.3:1. Mosquito densities per room were 96.5 and 75.5 for light trap and pyrethrum spray catch respectively. Mosquito infectivity rates between villages that have high proportion of bed net owners and those without bed nets was significant (P < 0.001) and there was a significant difference in sporozoite rates between households with and without bed nets in these four villages (P < 0.001).Malaria remains a major problem in the study areas characterized as low transmission sites. Further studies are required to establish the annual entomological inoculation rates and to observe the annual parasitaemia dynamics in these communities. Outdoor mosquitoes collection should also be considered.Malaria morbidity and mortality in Africa has increased due to an increase of resistance of chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), insecticidal resistance [1-3] and social economic status [4]. In Tanzania, malaria is the main cause of admission for children (38%) and adults (32%) in health facilities [5-7]. Estimates show that 28 million Tanzanians are exposed to the risk of stable malaria, resulting in 16 million clinical episodes per year and 100,000 child deaths over 25% of total deaths [8].The levels of transmission of malaria a
%U http://www.malariajournal.com/content/7/1/59