%0 Journal Article
%T Six-month low level chlorine dioxide gas inhalation toxicity study with two-week recovery period in rats
%A Akinori Akamatsu
%A Cheolsung Lee
%A Hirofumi Morino
%A Takanori Miura
%A Norio Ogata
%A Takashi Shibata
%J Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1745-6673-7-2
%X CD gas at 0.05 ppm or 0.1 ppm for 24 hours/day and 7 days/week was exposed to rats for 6 months under an unrestrained condition with free access to chow and water in a chamber so as to simulate the ordinary lifestyle in human. The control animals were exposed to air only. During the study period, the body weight as well as the food and water consumptions were recorded. After the 6-month exposure and the 2-week recovery period, animals were sacrificed and a battery of toxicological examinations, including biochemistry, hematology, necropsy, organ weights and histopathology, were performed.Well regulated levels of CD gas were exposed throughout the chamber over the entire study period. No CD gas-related toxicity sign was observed during the whole study period. No significant difference was observed in body weight gain, food and water consumptions, and relative organ weight. In biochemistry and hematology examinations, changes did not appear to be related to CD gas toxicity. In necropsy and histopathology, no CD gas-related toxicity was observed even in expected target respiratory organs.CD gas up to 0.1 ppm, exceeding the level effective against microbes, exposed to whole body in rats continuously for six months was not toxic, under a condition simulating the conventional lifestyle in human.Chlorine dioxide (CD), which is a water-soluble, yellow gas at room temperature, exists as a relatively stable free radical and is a very strong oxidant agent [1-3]. Therefore, when dissolved in water, CD has a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and viruses in vitro [4-7].Additionally, recent studies presented that the gas-phase CD also has a potent antimicrobial efficacy [8-10]. In particular, it was reported that the low-concentration CD gas at 0.03 ppm has a protective effect against influenza A virus infection in mice [11]. Also, Ogata and Shibata reported that low-level CD gas-releasing canisters placed in a classroom decreased the absenteeism of schoolchildren in
%K Chlorine dioxide
%K Gas
%K Inhalation
%K Long-term
%K Toxicity
%K Whole body
%U http://www.occup-med.com/content/7/1/2