%0 Journal Article
%T Fascioliasis Control: In Vivo and In Vitro Phytotherapy of Vector Snail to Kill Fasciola Larva
%A Kumari Sunita
%A D. K. Singh
%J Journal of Parasitology Research
%D 2011
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2011/240807
%X Snail is one of the important components of an aquatic ecosystem, it acts as intermediate host of Fasciola species. Control of snail population below a certain threshold level is one of the important methods in the campaign to reduce the incidence of fascioliasis. Life cycle of the parasite can be interrupted by killing the snail or Fasciola larva redia and cercaria in the snail body. In vivo and in vitro toxicity of the plant products and their active component such as citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, azadirachtin, and allicin against larva of Fasciola in infected snail Lymnaea acuminata were tested. Mortality of larvae were observed at 2£¿h, 4£¿h, 6£¿h, and 8£¿h, of treatment. In in vivo treatment, azadirachtin caused highest mortality in redia and cercaria larva (8£¿h, LC50 0.11, and 0.05£¿mg/L) whereas in in vitro condition allicin was highly toxic against redia and cercaria (8£¿h, LC50 0.01, and 0.009£¿mg/L). Toxicity of citral was lowest against redia and cercaria larva. 1. Introduction Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (family fasciolidae) [1]. F. hepatica has worldwide distribution but predominates in temperate zones while F. gigantica is found primarily in tropical regions [2¨C4]. The definite host is very broad and includes many herbivorous mammals including humans. Human fascioliasis has been reported in 51 different countries from five continents [4]. Fascioliasis is now recognized as an emerging human disease. World health organization has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola and a further 180 million are at risk of infection [1]. Singh and Agarwal [5] reported that 94% of buffaloes slaughtered in local slaughtered house in Gorakhpur district are infected with F. gigantica. In northern India Lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate hosts of the Fasciola species [2]. Although control of snail population below a threshold level is one of the important methods for effective control of fascioliasis [6¨C9], yet snails are one of the important components in the aquatic ecosystem. Release of molluscicides in aquatic system for snail control also affects the other nontarget organism. The Fasciola larval stage sporocyst, redia, and cercaria in the snail body are in division phase of F. gigantica. If these larvae will be destroyed by plant molluscicides at sublethal concentration in the snail body, the rate of infection can be reduced without killing the snail. Different plants-derived molluscicides and their active component such as citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone,
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2011/240807/