%0 Journal Article
%T Prevalence of hypospadias in Italy according to severity, gestational age and birthweight: an epidemiological study
%A Paolo Ghirri
%A Rosa T Scaramuzzo
%A Silvano Bertelloni
%A Daniela Pardi
%A Amerigo Celandroni
%A Guido Cocchi
%A Roberto Danieli
%A Luisa De Santis
%A Maria C Di Stefano
%A Orietta Gerola
%A Mario Giuffr¨¨
%A Giuseppe S Gragnani
%A Cinzia Magnani
%A Cristiano Meossi
%A Ilaria Merusi
%A Giuseppe Sabatino
%A Stefano Tumini
%A Giovanni Corsello
%A Antonio Boldrini
%J Italian Journal of Pediatrics
%D 2009
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1824-7288-35-18
%X We reviewed all the newborns file records (years 2001¨C2004) in 15 Italian Hospitals.We found an overall hypospadias prevalence rate of 3.066 ¡À 0.99 per 1000 live births (82.48% mild hypospadias, 17.52% moderate-severe). In newborns Small for Gestational Age (birthweight < 10th percentile) of any gestational age the prevalence rate of hypospadias was 6.25 per 1000 live births. Performing multivariate logistic regression analysis for different degrees of hypospadias according to severity, being born SGA remained the only risk factor for moderate-severe hypospadias (p = 0.00898) but not for mild forms (p > 0.1).In our sample the prevalence of hypospadias results as high as reported in previous European and American studies (3¨C4 per 1000 live births). Pathogenesis of isolated hypospadias is multifactorial (genetic, endocrine and environmental factors): however, the prevalence rate of hypospadias is higher in infants born small for gestational age than in newborns with normal birth weight.Hypospadias is a congenital displacement of the urethral meatus in male newborns, often associated to an incomplete development of the foreskin (prepuce) and abnormal penile curvature (recurvatum or hypospadias sine hypospadias). According to the exact localization of the meatus, hypospadias is named glandular or coronal (mild), penile (moderate), scrotal and perineal (severe). While most cases of mild forms are usually an isolated defect, the severe ones may be a symptom of a disorder of sexual differentiation [1]. According to the Chicago Consensus Conference, severe isolated hypospadias can be classified either into among 46, XY Disorders of Sexual Differentiation ("Disorders in androgen synthesis or action") when it is supposed to be due to a complex disorders as 5¦Á reductase deficiency or defects in androgen action, or classified into the C group ("Other"), when it is considered an isolated embryological defect [2].The isolated malformation is likely caused by failed seam of the ur
%U http://www.ijponline.net/content/35/1/18