%0 Journal Article
%T Inflammatory and Immunological parameters in adults with Down syndrome
%A Maria BF Trotta
%A Jo£żo B Serro Azul
%A Mauricio Wajngarten
%A Simone G Fonseca
%A Anna C Goldberg
%A Jorge E Kalil
%J Immunity & Ageing
%D 2011
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1742-4933-8-4
%X In the DS group, the results showed an increase in NK cells, CD8, decreased CD19 (p < 0.05) and an increase spontaneous production of IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-10 (p < 0.05). There was not any difference in RCAN1 gene expression between the groups.These data suggest a similar humoral response in the two groups. The immunophenotyping suggests sign of premature aging of the immune system and the cytokine production show a proinflammatory profile.The increase in life expectancy of the general population has resulted in an increasing number of elderly adults, including patients with Down syndrome (DS), with a current life expectancy of about 50 years [1]. The death causes in adults with DS are different from the ones of the general population. Alzheimer's disease (AD), congenital heart defects, aspiration, pneumonia are among the most frequent when compared to solid tumors and ischemic heart disease [2-6]. The association with leukemia decreases with age and it is not apparent after the age of 40 [1]. Older DS have an increased susceptibility to infections. However, most individuals with this syndrome do not show clear features of immunological diseases. Many of these immunological alterations are age-related changes and can be enclosed in the spectrum of multiple signs of early senescence, which is characteristic of the DS [7]. The immunological response varies in the aging process. In children over the age of 6, the absolute number of IgG and IgA increases. IgM rates decrease in adolescence and throughout the aging process, there is a low number of circulating B cells (CD19), a decrease of CD4+, an increase of CD8 and NK cells. In DS, granulocyte apoptosis is accelerated in various conditions. T-cells with the early apoptotic phenotype were increased in cell cultures from DS children [8,9]. The response against vaccinal antigens and other antigens such as pertussis, rubella, measles, hepatitis A and B was better in DS patients when compared with other groups [10-14].
%U http://www.immunityageing.com/content/8/1/4