%0 Journal Article
%T Enhancing rigour in the validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): bridging linguistic and psychometric testing
%A Gwerfyl Roberts
%A Seren Roberts
%A Richard Tranter
%A Rhiannon Whitaker
%A Emma Bedson
%A Siobhan Tranter
%A Delyth Prys
%A Heledd Owen
%A Yvonne Sylvestre
%J Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1477-7525-10-64
%X Evidence is drawn from a study to develop a Welsh language version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and investigate its psychometric properties. The BDI-II was translated into Welsh then administered to Welsh-speaking university students (n£¿=£¿115) and patients with depression (n£¿=£¿37) concurrent with the English BDI-II, and alongside other established depression and quality of life measures. A Welsh version of the BDI-II was produced that, on administration, showed conceptual equivalence with the original measure; high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach¡¯s alpha£¿=£¿0.90; 0.96); item homogeneity; adequate correlation with the English BDI-II (r£¿=£¿0.96; 0.94) and additional measures; and a two-factor structure with one overriding dimension. Nevertheless, in the student sample, the Welsh version showed a significantly lower overall mean than the English (p£¿=£¿0.002); and significant differences in six mean item scores. This prompted a review and refinement of the translated measure.Exploring potential sources of bias in translated measures represents a critical step in the translation-validation process, which until now has been largely underutilised. This paper offers important findings that inform advanced methods of cross-cultural validation of PROMs.
%K BDI-II
%K Linguistic validation
%K Patient reported outcome measures
%K Psychometric validation
%K Welsh language
%U http://www.hqlo.com/content/10/1/64/abstract