%0 Journal Article
%T Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acids Distillate Using Tungstophosphoric Acid- and Cs-salt Immobilized-Silica
%A Wimonrat TRAKARNPRUK
%J Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
%D 2012
%I Walailak University
%R 10.2004/vol10iss1ppaccepted
%X H3PW12O40/SiO2 and Cs1.5H1.5PW12O40/SiO2 composites with controllable acid loadings (5 - 15 wt% loading) were prepared by direct co-condensation sol-gel methods in the presence of triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD) having 93 % free fatty acids (FFA), a residual product from the refining of crude palm oil was investigated using these heterogeneous catalysts. The results demonstrated that under the same reaction conditions the catalytic activity of H3PW12O40/SiO2 was higher than Cs1.5H1.5PW12O40/SiO2 due to higher acidity. A study on effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount has been performed. The FAME content was 96.7 % at a temperature of 85 ˇăC, 15 h reaction time, a molar ratio of methanol to PFAD at 12:1 and catalyst 15 wt% based on PFAD. Graphical abstract
%K Biodiesel
%K palm fatty acids distillate
%K tungstophosphoric acid
%K polyoxometalate
%K silica
%U http://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/wjst/article/view/219