%0 Journal Article
%T Increased expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and MIP-1¦Á by spinal perivascular macrophages during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats
%A Nils Hofmann
%A Nina Lachnit
%A Michael Streppel
%A Brigitte Witter
%A Wolfram F Neiss
%A Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
%A Doychin N Angelov
%J BMC Immunology
%D 2002
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-2172-3-11
%X This is why we labeled SPM by injections of different fluoresecent dyes into the lateral cerebral ventricle before induction of active EAE. Within an additional experimental set EAE was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of T-cells specifically sensitized to myelin basic protein (MBP) and engineered to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP). In both experiments we observed a strong activation of SPM (mabs OX6+, SILK6+, CD40+, CD80+, CD86+) which was accompanied by a consistently increased expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and the chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1¦Á.These observations indicate that SPM play a role in promoting lymphocyte extravasation.Antigen specificity during an autoimmune attack is affected by antigen presentation and recognition, antigen expression and the response of target organs [1]. Accordingly, accumulating evidence shows that the extravasation of lymphocytes into the CNS perivascular (Virchow-Robin) space in the course of progressing autoimmune disease may be initiated by resident antigen presenting cells [2-4].It is generally acknowledged that, under conditions of a structurally intact blood-brain barrier, the cerebral/spinal perivascular macrophages (CPM/SPM) are the antigen presenting cells of the brain [5-9]. CPM/SPM exhibit morphological features consistent with macrophages [10], express the scavenger receptor [8], the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II glycoproteins on their surface [6], and act as scavengers in the cerebral blood-brain interface zone [11]. CPM/SPM retain the phagocytosed material and remain within the perivascular space for up to 2 years [11], with a rather slow turnover rate of about 6% per month [12]. Due to presence of Fc and complement receptors on their surface and expression of macrophage specific antigens [5], CPM/SPM are considered to be "the only macrophages found in the tissues of the CNS" [13].CPM/SPM differ from pericytes with respect to their morphology and anatomic localization in the perivas
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/3/11