%0 Journal Article
%T Profiling helper T cell subset gene expression in deer mice
%A Lauren Oko
%A Bethany Aduddell-Swope
%A Derall Willis
%A Robyn Hamor
%A Teresa A Coons
%A Brian Hjelle
%A Tony Schountz
%J BMC Immunology
%D 2006
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-2172-7-18
%X We developed real-time PCR-based detection assays for several immune-related transcription factor and cytokine genes from deer mice that permit the profiling of CD4+ helper T cells, including markers of Th1 cells (T-bet, STAT4, IFN¦Ã, TNF, LT), Th2 cells (GATA-3, STAT6, IL-4, IL-5) and regulatory T cells (Fox-p3, IL-10, TGF¦Â1). These assays compare the expression of in vitro antigen-stimulated and unstimulated T cells from individual deer mice.We developed molecular methods for profiling immune gene expression in deer mice, including a multiplexed real-time PCR assay for assessing expression of several cytokine and transcription factor genes. These assays should be useful for characterizing the immune responses of experimentally- and naturally-infected deer mice.Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal hosts of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which causes the great majority of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) cases in North America [1-3]. Despite a neutralizing antibody response, deer mice become persistently-infected with SNV without discernible pathology and can shed virus in excrement [4-6]. The mechanism by which SNV evades a sterilizing immune response in deer mice is unknown.SNV principally infects capillary endothelial cells in humans and deer mice without conspicuous cytopathic effects [4,7]. Immunochemical evaluation of lung tissues from humans and deer mice reveals the presence of viral antigens; however, no pulmonary inflammation is observed in deer mouse lungs. In addition, HCPS patients, but not deer mice, have mononuclear infiltrates in their lungs. These cells produce several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1¦Â, IL-2, IL-4, IFN¦Ã, TNF and lymphotoxin-¦Á (LT) [8-10]. Isolation of SNV-specific human T cells suggests Th1- and Tc1-mediated immune responses in such patients. Because of the absence of cytopathology, it is thought that the etiologic mechanism of HCPS is principally a cytokine-mediated immunopathology.Deer mice are divergent
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/7/18