%0 Journal Article
%T L¡¯am¨¦nagement du territoire avant la lettre : quelques exemples genevois (XVIIIe-XIXe si¨¨cles)
%A Isabelle Roland
%J In Situ : Revue de Patrimoines
%D 2012
%I Minist¨¨re de la Culture et de la Communication
%R 10.4000/insitu.2683
%X Les facteurs historiques et g¨¦opolitiques ont eu, ¨¤ Gen¨¨ve, une influence notable sur la structure du territoire et la morphologie de certaines localit¨¦s. A Meyrin par exemple, la cr¨¦ation d¡¯un nouvel axe routier a transform¨¦ en quelques ann¨¦es un village-rue en village-carrefour. A Malagny, un hameau d¡¯origine m¨¦di¨¦vale a ¨¦t¨¦ presque enti¨¨rement d¨¦truit au XVIIIe si¨¨cle pour faire place ¨¤ un grand domaine. A Genthod, un modeste village s¡¯est embourgeois¨¦ suite ¨¤ l¡¯implantation de trois domaines patriciens et les paysans ont accept¨¦ de d¨¦placer leur fumier dans une rue secondaire, cr¨¦¨¦e ¨¤ cet effet. A Ch¨ºne, un village a ¨¦t¨¦ scind¨¦ en deux entit¨¦s politiques et confessionnelles bien distinctes, tandis qu¡¯¨¤ Plan-les-Ouates, le contraste est frappant entre les deux c t¨¦s de la rue principale, colonis¨¦s ¨¤ deux ¨¦poques diff¨¦rentes. Ces quelques exemples rel¨¨vent de ce que l¡¯on peut consid¨¦rer comme de l¡¯am¨¦nagement du territoire avant la lettre et d¨¦montrent qu¡¯il est impossible de dissocier l¡¯architecture rurale de son environnement et de son histoire. In Geneva, historic and geopolitical factors have significantly influenced the region¡¯s overall structure and the form of particular locals within it. For example, in the course of just a few years, a new road transformed Meyrin from a one-street village into an important commercial crossroad. In Malagny, a medieval hamlet was almost entirely demolished in the 18th century to make way for a grand estate. In Genthod, a farming village was ¡°gentrified¡± after 3 nobles estates were established around it. The village peasants agreed to move their dung-heaps to a more discreet secondary street, donated by one of the estates for the purpose. In Ch¨ºne, a village was divided into two distinct political and religious districts. Finally, at Plan-les-Ouates, there is a strong contrast between the two sides of the village¡¯s main street, which were built during different periods. These examples are indicative of what can be considered the region¡¯s settlement period (prior to its official recognition as an administrative entity). They show that it is impossible to separate rural architecture from its surrounding and history; rather, these should be seen as an integrated whole.
%K rural architecture
%K Ch¨ºne-Bougeries
%K Ch¨ºne-Bourg
%K Gen¨¨ve
%K Genthod
%K Malagny
%K Meyrin
%K Plan-les-Ouates
%K Mategnin
%K Collex-Bossy
%K Pays de Gex
%K territorial planning
%K aristocratic estate
%K frontier
%K director's house
%K peasant dwelling
%K town-and-country planning
%K Swiss Confederation
%K urbanisme
%K architecture rurale
%K maison de ma tre
%K am¨¦nagement du territoire
%K domaine patricien
%K fronti¨¨re
%K maison paysanne
%K Ch¨ºne-Bougeries
%K Ch¨ºne-Bourg
%K Gen¨¨ve
%K Genthod
%K Malagny
%K Meyrin
%K Plan-les-Ouates
%U http://insitu.revues.org/2683