%0 Journal Article
%T Notes sur la dimension immunitaire des enclaves p¨¦troli¨¨res
%A Nicolas Donner
%J EchoG¨¦o
%D 2011
%I P?le de Recherche pour l'Organisation et la diffusion de l'Information G¨¦ographique
%X Cet article se propose de r¨¦fl¨¦chir aux modes d¡¯installation des enclaves p¨¦troli¨¨res en milieux difficiles ; il s¡¯attache aux proc¨¦dures qui visent ¨¤ pr¨¦munir l¡¯activit¨¦ extractive du potentiel de perturbation et/ou d¡¯hostilit¨¦ dont rec¨¨lent ces milieux. Dans un premier temps, et en se penchant sur le cas d¡¯enclaves install¨¦es dans des milieux naturels hostiles ¨¤ la vie, on montre en quoi le mode d'organisation des espaces extractifs est un outil important de leur immunisation : il rel¨¨ve d¡¯une   architecture du vide   (Sloterdijk) qui, par la production d¡¯un espace inclusif et autonome, permet d¡¯affranchir l¡¯activit¨¦ des conditions et contingences des milieux o¨´ elle se d¨¦ploie. Dans un second temps, on s¡¯int¨¦resse aux enclaves d¨¦p¨ºch¨¦es dans des milieux   pleins   (peupl¨¦s et territorialis¨¦s), o¨´ les proc¨¦dures d¡¯immunisation s¡¯enrichissent de m¨¦canismes d¨¦fensifs (syst¨¨mes de cl tures) et interventionnistes (pratiques de d¨¦veloppement durable). On discute enfin de l¡¯¨¦mergence d¡¯un paradigme ¨¦thique qui s¡¯enchev¨ºtre dans les strat¨¦gies visant ¨¤ garantir la permanence des activit¨¦s extractives. This paper considers the ways of establishing oil enclaves in difficult environments and it focuses on procedures that aim to safeguard the extractive activity from external disturbance and/or hostility. First, in addressing the case of enclaves located in extreme environments (hostile to life), we show that the organization of enclaves is an important tool of their immunization: by producing an inclusive and autonomous space, an "architecture of vacuum "(Sloterdijk) allows to free the activity from the conditions and contingencies of the external environment. Secondly, we move to the case of enclaves established in environments that are inhabited and territorialized, where immunization procedures are enriched by defensive (fencing) and intrusive mechanisms (sustainable practices). Finally we discuss the emergence of an ethical paradigm that tangled in strategies that aim to ensure the continuity of extractive activities.
%K sustainable development
%K oil enclave
%K island construction
%K d¨¦veloppement durable
%K enclave p¨¦troli¨¨re
%K construction d¡¯ le
%U http://echogeo.revues.org/12555